Difference Between Mitosis and Meiosis

Difference Between Mitosis and Meiosis Free Online Research Papers In this essay I will address the following points; what role does mitosis play in your ability to grow, heal wounds and develop? , What is the goal, overall, of a cell that undergoes Mitosis? , what is meiosis? What kinds of cells in your body would go through this kind of division? , How does meiosis, through the two rounds of division, cut the amount of genetic information in half? And why does the amount of genetic information have to be cut in half anyway? I will first explain what role does mitosis play in your ability to grow, heal wounds and develop. Any living organism is constantly making new cells. A healthy human produces 25 million new cells every second. Every time an organism grows in size or repairs worn out or damaged tissue new cells are made. Mitosis has five stages that cell goes through to form two daughter cells which are new cells that help us develop new tissue that was ruined or for any reason. Mitosis is the process that guarantees the continuation of life and genes. I will next explain the phases of mitosis! The cell cycle starts off with Interphase; it is the busy part of the cell cycle this is where the cell makes ATP witch is energy. This stage also makes protein, producing new organelles such as ribosomes and mitochondria and duplicating there chromosomes. The first actual phase of mitosis is Prophase, it is the longest phase. Stringy chromatin coils up into visible chromosomes, the duplicated chromosomes are made up of two halves. The second dividing stage of mitosis is Metaphase; the chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers by there centromeres. Then the chromosomes get pulled to the â€Å"equator† of the spindle. The third dividing stage of mitosis is Anaphase; during anaphase the centromeres are starting to split up and the chromatid pairs from each chromosome separate from each other. The finale dividing stage of mitosis is Telophase; telophase is when many of the changes that occurred in prophase are reversed as the new cells begin to get ready for their own independent existence. The goal for a cell that under goes mitosis, is to be developed into daughter cells. This next paragraph will explain what meiosis is and what kinds of cells in your body would go through this kind of division. Meiosis is cell division which produces gametes containing half the number of chromosomes as a parent’s body cell. The cells in your body that go through the division of meiosis one and two are male gametes which are known as sperm and female gametes known as eggs. I will explain to you now how meiosis, through the two rounds of division, cut the amount of genetic information in half. In meiosis one, cells are copied and moved to separate poles. A cell with two of each kind of chromosome is called a diploid. In meiosis one, diploids are formed. During meiosis two the cell is not copied and you only have half going to each pole, and a cell with one of each kind of chromosomes called a haploid. In this paragraph I will explain why the amount of genetic information has to be cut in half. In telophase one of meiosis the spindle is broken down, the chromosomes uncoil and the cytoplasm divides to yield two new cells. Each cell has only half the genetic information of the original cell because it has only one chromosome from each homologous pair. That is why the amount of genetic information must be cut in half. That is my understanding of what role does mitosis play in your ability to grow, heal wounds and develop? , What is the goal, overall, of a cell that undergoes Mitosis? , what is meiosis? What kinds of cells in your body would go through this kind of division? , How does meiosis, through the two rounds of division, cut the amount of genetic information in half? And why does the amount of genetic information have to be cut in half anyway? Research Papers on Difference Between Mitosis and MeiosisGenetic EngineeringBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesOpen Architechture a white paperResearch Process Part OneHip-Hop is ArtThe Hockey GameRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsThe Spring and Autumn

Quotes From Charles Dickenss Oliver Twist

Quotes From Charles Dickenss Oliver Twist Charles Dickens second novel, Oliver Twist, is the story of an orphan growing up among criminals in London, England. The novel, one of Dickenss most popular works, is known for its harsh depiction of poverty, child labor, and life in the London slums of the mid-19th century. Poverty Oliver Twist was published at a time when many of Dickenss countrymen were living in great poverty. The most unfortunate were sent to workhouses, where they received food and lodging in exchange for their labor. The protagonist of Dickenss novel ends up in such a workhouse as a child. To earn his gruel, Oliver spends his days picking oakum. Please, sir, I want some more. [Chapter 2] Oliver Twist has asked for more! [Chapter 2] I am very hungry and tired... I have walked a long way. I have been walking these seven days. [Chapter 8] Bleak, dark, and piercing cold, it was a night for the well-housed and fed to draw round the bright fire, and thank God they were at home; and for the homeless starving wretch to lay him down and die. Many hunger-worn outcasts close their eyes in our bare streets at such times, who, let their crimes have been what they may, can hardly open them in a more bitter world. [Chapter 23] Human Nature Dickens was admired not only as a novelist but also as a social critic, and in Oliver Twist he uses his sharp eye to dissect the weaknesses of human nature. The social canvas of the novel, which includes the poor underclass of London and the criminal justice system designed to contain it, allows Dickens to explore what happens when humans are reduced to the basest conditions. The doctor seemed especially troubled by the fact of the robbery having been unexpected, and attempted in the night-time; as if it were the established custom of gentlemen in the housebreaking way to transact business at noon, and to make an appointment, by the twopenny post, a day or two previous. [Chapter 7] Although Oliver had been brought up by philosophers, he was not theoretically acquainted with the beautiful axiom that self-preservation is the first law of nature. [Chapter 10] There is a passion for hunting something deeply implanted in the human breast. [Chapter 10] But death, fires, and burglary, make all men equals. [Chapter 28] Such is the influence which the condition of our own thoughts, exercises, even over the appearance of external objects. Men who look on nature, and their fellow-men, and cry that all is dark and gloomy, are in the right; but the sombre colours are reflections from their own jaundiced eyes and hearts. The real hues are delicate, and need a clearer vision. [Chapter 33] The suspense: the fearful, acute suspense: of standing idly by while the life of one we dearly love, is trembling in the balance; the racking thoughts that crowd upon the mind, and make the heart beat violently, and the breath come thick, by the force of the images they conjure up before it; the desperate anxiety  to be doing something  to relieve the pain, or lessen the danger, which we have no power to alleviate; the sinking of soul and spirit, which the sad remembrance of our helplessness produces; what tortures can equal these; what reflections of endeavours can, in the full tide and fever of the time, allay them! [Chapter 33] Society and Class As the story of a poor orphan, and of the downtrodden more generally, Oliver Twist is filled with Dickenss thoughts about the role of class in English society. The author is highly critical of the institutions that protect the upper classes while leaving the poor to starve and die. Throughout the book, Dickens raises questions about how society organizes itself and treats its worst-off members. Why everybody lets him alone enough, for the matter of that. Neither his father nor his mother will ever interfere with him. All his relations let him have his own way pretty well. [Chapter 5] I only know two sorts of boys. Mealy boys, and beef-faced boys. [Chapter 10] Dignity, and even holiness too, sometimes, are more questions of coat and waistcoat than some people imagine. [Chapter 37] We need be careful how we deal with those about us, when every death carries to some small circle of survivors, thoughts of so much omitted, and so little done- of so many things forgotten, and so many more which might have been repaired! There is no remorse so deep as that which is unavailing; if we would be spared its tortures, let us remember this, in time. [Chapter 8] The sun,the bright sun, that brings back, not light alone, but new life, and hope, and freshness to manburst upon the crowded city in clear and radiant glory. Through costly-coloured glass and paper-mended window, through cathedral dome and rotten crevice, it shed its equal ray.  [Chapter 46]

Oppression of Women under Communism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Oppression of Women under Communism - Essay Example It also won various other awards all over the world and performed well in the box office. The film mainly portrays the life experienced in the communist regime of Ceausescu through the eyes of the two girls. In the film, the director uses mise-en-scene and long takes to bring out important changes and problems faced by Otilia and Gabita and thus by association portraying the difficulties women faced during the communist era. Through the use of these elements of cinematography, the oppression of women in various forms is illuminated through nostalgia and passive criticism (Bordwell & Thompson 23). Mise-en-Scene Mise-en scene is term the means â€Å"putting in the scenes†. The term defines the design features of a film production or theatre. Basically, the term describes the presentation of the visual theme both through cinematography, story boarding or the use of virtual art (Bordwell & Thompson 23). In film studies, the term is used to cover all that appears before the camera and the manner in which they are arranged and shown. The key aspects of mise-en-scene include set design, lighting, film stock, space, composition, costumes, makeup and hair styles, acting and finally aspect ratio (Pramaggiore and Wallis 60). Mise-en-scene and theme development 4 months, 3 weeks and 2 days is presumably a film about abortion, however it a study of important skills women required in order to survive in the 1980s in Romania. The script shows a gentle evolution from the protective cocoon of the dorm to a point of painful exposure. In the film, mise-en-scene is used superbly to bring out the main message to the audience. The film does not attack the communist era but however brings out a nostalgic feeling for those who lived during the era and show other viewers an untarnished image of how things were. It is through the use of the various aspects of mise-en-scene that audience is presented with an outsiders look at the plight of women during this era. In the initial set ting, the film employs set design to show ambiance of the dormitory as a place of camaraderie, a protective bubble gifted with most of the things communism had promised to bring about, where material things pose no problem as everyone is willing to share. In the opening sequence of 4 months, 3 weeks and 2 days we are introduced to two roommates preparing for a journey to an unknown destination. The first shot is of a table that has a smoking cigarette, a ticking clock, a bizarre fish bowl with shallow water and two orange fish inside and some papers possibly classroom materials. As the camera moves, we are introduced to the two girls who are preparing to embark in a journey to perform an illegal abortion. In the dormitory, Otilia buys soaps, cigarettes and other items that they may need to use in their journey for the small black market that exist inside (Bordwell & Thompson). The set presents the viewer to a glimpse of the life of the ordinary Romanian during the 1980s. The manner in which these objects are framed by the camera seeks to remind the audience that they are on display. They are mementos from the past and the audience views them with the narrow and prejudicial eye of the present. According to Bordwell and Thompson (34), film setting has the ability to transport the audience to not only the time period the film is set in but also the emotional environment that exist within the film. The set

Valero Energy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Valero Energy - Research Paper Example Valero Energy Valero Energy is known for its commitment to excellence, challenging work environment and commitment to community. The company has a policy of using state-of-the-art technology to provide cleaner-burning gasoline. The company manages its innovation process by focusing on alternative energy and latest technologies. It has invested in wind farms outside its McKee Refinery in the Texas Panhandle. The innovation process gets tremendous boost through such investments as energy is generated without environmental concerns. The 3 examples of product innovation are: investments in new infra-red technology to quickly find and repair leaks of gaseous hydrocarbons, investments in new flare-gas recovery systems which is an emission-reducing technology and meeting the challenge of greenhouse gas reduction through scientific, economic, and technological analyses. Product innovation consists of either improving the present product or acquiring technologies for environment-friendly alternative energies (Valero Energy Corporation). Critically evaluate whether Valero Energy is a learning organization. In your answer discuss 3 examples of how the company's leadership structure has affected the degree of learning that occurs within the company The Board of directors of Valero Energy consists of men and women of substantial experience and qualify for a learning environment in the company. As qualified and experienced members, they are in a position to foster a learning environment in the company to encourage innovation and growth. Thus, the company's leadership has succeeded in establishing an attitude for competitive and healthy growth with a socio-economic thrust that balances social needs with economic advantages. The company ranks number one on Fortune magazine's listing of the nation's Best Big companies to work for two consecutive years. It also ranks number five among petroleum refining companies on Fortune magazine's listing of America's most admired companies. It is also ranked at number seven on Fortune's magazines listing of most admired companies worldwide. Besides these, the company has secured many other environmental and safety awards. Such accolades on a continuous basis every year bespeak the company's enlightened leadership in learning. The company is also involved in philanthropic activities and generously donates for volunteer activities and educational support programs. Needless to add, these recognitions can only mean that the culture of learning in the company is sufficiently high to merit them (Valero Energy Corporation). Critically evaluate the competitive dynamics of the industry Valero Energy is in. Provide 3 examples in your answer of how Valero Energy can utilize an entrepreneurial strategy to compete more effectively globally The petroleum industry is a fast evolving industry because of environmental issues. On the one hand, petroleum is required for transportation, power and a host of other economies. On the other hand, the use of petroleum has to be minimal because of its greenhouse gas emission that makes it important to adhere to technologies that reduce air pollution. The company has bolstered its image and revenues through social commitments and growing national network of distributors. Gasoline is a product of universal demand. The only way to grow in the gasoline industry is through achieving technological breakthroughs to address environmental

Customer Relationship Management Strategy Essay Example for Free

Customer Relationship Management Strategy Essay 1)Introduction Customer Relationship Management (CRM) has become a main focus for businesses with today’s markets becoming more saturated and competitive. ‘Customer Relationship Management is the ultimate challenge for marketing experts in any business. A successful company will use customer information wisely to build relationships with their customers, on the level that together they will work together towards a long-term relationship.’ (Xu et al. 2002) High customer Intimacy can be produced from these processes and strategy. ‘Customer intimacy is an essential factor in the Customer Relationship Management value chain’ (Buttle, 2004). This marketing strategy consists of a business using ways to get close to clients with benefits for a business including improved highly tailored problem solving capabilities and greater adaptation of products to customer needs, as well as higher customer loyalty levels. This customer intimacy has a major impact on the success on a company and we can see this in modern organisations. We see that customer satisfaction alone is not enough,’Oglivy Loyalty Centre found that, although 85% of customers reported being satisfied, only 40% repurchased’ (McKenzie,1995) and therefore customer must use CRM to help improve their customer intimacy. However, to what extent does the strategy and processes involved with CRM help achieve this customer intimacy and in what was are these processes seen as beneficial for both the customer and the company. The focus of this paper is to look at the ways in which organisation use various forms of CRM strategy and processes in order create better, and lasting relationships with their customers. 2)Membership Cards One way in which many companies, especially retail, aim to increase their customer intimacy is through membership card schemes. These can come in many different forms from and offer a variety of advantages for the customer to use. The main feature of all of these themes is that the customer is rewarded in some way, and in effect, keeps the customer happy and encourages repeat trade. However many card schemes go a step further and are used for the advantage of both the customer and the company. ‘Around 80% of UK households participate in at least one customer loyalty card scheme’ (Stone et al. 2008) and they come in different forms such as the Tesco’ Clubcard, Boots’ Advantage Card and Sainsburys’ Nectar Card. The common feature these cards have is that not only do they provide offers for the customer, but they allow companies to collect valuable data which, in turn improves customer intimacy between the business and the customer. ‘Using customer data and targeting those customers helped make the retailer’s transition much more efficient’ (Shaw, 2012). 2.1)Membership Card Achieving Customer Intimacy This data is extremely valuable to a company. They spend millions of pounds each year conducting market research to try and find out their customers’ requirements, expectations and preferences. With the use of this card, the technology builds up this information and stores it all to databases. This provides a company with useful information which will allow them to target their customers in such a way that they can build up an everlasting relationship. ‘Customer Relationship Management is grounded on high quality customer-related data and enabled by information technology, (Buttle, 2009). With this card, a business, such as the market leaders of Tescos and Boots can see everything they wish to know about their buyer. This can vary from the information upon registering their card such as age, geographical location, contact details. Along with this, the card will collect data such as what the customer buys, how much they spend and how often. A company can see trends in a particular region, a need for a particular age group and they can segment their products to a more specialised market. ‘Companies get a clear view as to how their business affects individual customers; associated segmentation and other benefits’ (Stone et al, 2008). In addition, to further improve customer intimacy, a company can target a customer and send offers for the products they buy most through email or by post all of which strengthens this bond between customer and company. Here we see a table which shows us the ladder of customer loyalty. With an increase in customer intimacy, a business can take prospecting purchaser and convey them into a loyal customer (Christopher at al, 1998). 2.2)The Cooperative Membership Card The company to demonstrate is The Co-operative Food. Retail chains are at the fore-front for advances in technology and are competing for ways in which to understand their customers and use the strategies to improve customer intimacy. The purchasing behavior in food retail is the most repetitive of all (Manas, 2011), so to get this customer intimacy correct has never been more important. The Co-operative Food (Co-op) uses their loyalty strategy by having membership scheme available to all colleagues and customers. This card acts as most retail cards do in that they collect a customer’s information which is then fed to the company’s data base. There is a number of ways in which this card creates an improvement in customer intimacy. First of all, unlike all of the other schemes available, twice a year the Co-op gives a share of its profits through the post to all of the members of the scheme. ‘You can enjoy your share of the profits along with exclusive member discounts and offers’ (www.co-operative.coop/membership). Along with this, each customer is sent a seasonal brochure from the company. Inside, it gives a customer details of how the company is operating, information of how the company is helping the community, recipes for things to make with the coop products along with vouchers to spend in store. Another scheme used by the coop is membership coupons which are printed at the till terminal which allow money off the next spend. These strategies allow a mutual benefit; the company is updated with a customer’s information, along with the customer receiving healthy benefits from the company encouraging customer intimacy. 3)Customer Interaction Another strategy that many organisations use to create a high level of customer intimacy is through customer interaction. Many companies use schemes which allow employers to either speak face to face with a customer or give them a platform to have their voice heard. ‘By giving your customers a platform for reaching prospects, your marketing efforts become more objective and inclusive’ (Rast, 2012). This customer interaction can be seen in many different forms, varying form feedback surveys, forums or mystery shopper visits. This can be seen in many different organisations which are customer focused. Examples of these include online survey/feedback forms which can be found for most organisations, customer

Industrial Organizational Psychology Essay -- Psychology

During the late nineteenth century the compulsion to study and measure human motives and capabilities came about followed with the birth of the concept Industrial organizational psychology (Industrial/Organizational psychology, n.d.). Industrial organizational psychology, eminently referred to as I/O psychology, is the extension of psychology that applies psychological theories and the principles of organizations (Cherry, n.d.). Converging on the increasing workplace productivity and other issues related to the mental and physical well being of the employees (Cherry, n.d.). Psychologists evaluate companies and conduct leadership training based on the observations of employee behavior and attitudes that populate the company (Cherry, n.d.). Noting the systematic nature of psychological research some early psychologists sought out to apply the interpretation to business predicaments (Industrial/Organizational psychology, n.d.). Beseeched by numerous advertising executives, Walter Dill Scott wrote and published one of the first books linking psychology and the business world collectively (Industrial /Organizational psychology, n.d.). The Theory of Advertising written by Walter Dill Scott was recognized as the first book to link the two worlds of business and psychology, a commencement to the era. The nineteenth century brought about many writings from psychologists which had been influenced by the writing of others, each one having an impact on the I/O psychology movement (Industrial/Organizational psychology, n.d.). During World War I, in 1917, the applied psychology transformed into its own true branch and strengthened as the war raged on (McCarthy, 2002). Psychologists were able to investigate the morale, motivation a... ... Industrial/Organizational psychological methods are found to be the larger organizations of our time (Industrial/Organizational psychology, n.d.). A number of large American corporations namely AT&T, IBM, General Motors Corp., Ford Motor CO., and PepsiCo, Inc., currently have a staff of I/O psychology (Industrial/Organizational psychology, n.d.). In today’s work force there are a multitude of reasons for organizations to be interested in the social and psychological process to better understand how their organization and its employees produce a more productive and competitive company. In regards to these reasons the Industrial/Organizational psychology has had a profound impact on our workforce in the past, present, and near future; it is almost a wonder where we would be today if not for the founding fathers of this particular branch of psychology.

Communications Persuasive Essay Essay

Specific purpose: I would like to persuade my audience that drug test screenings should be mandatory in order for welfare recipients to receive their money. Introduction Attention material: How many if you have jobs? How many if the people with jobs like to see a huge chunk of their check MIA due to state and federal taxes? And how many of you like knowing that that chuck of your check that’s missing could very well be going towards someone’s drug addiction? Thesis Statement: By enforcing a mandatory drug test to all welfare recipients, you ensure that hard working people’s tax dollars are being used the correct ways, and not being used to support a drug addiction, Preview: Today I will inform you on the pros of drug testing welfare recipients, how many states have already passed this law, how many states are trying to pass the law, the cons of the drug testing, and what we can do to out this plan into action. Body I. What benefits would drug testing welfare recipients have on our country? A. David Vitter of U.S. News Weekly states, by drug testing welfare recipients, it would ensure that all hardworking taxpayers’ money I’d going to get used in the correct and intended way. The nation is already in enough debt of more than $14 trillion, does it make much sense to be wasting tax money on illegal drugs and dishonest welfare recipients? That makes no sense at all! (Vitter, 2011) B. Enforcing drugs testing will also force drug users or addicts that are looking for financial assistance to get help before receiving money that would have been used to feed their ongoing addiction (Vitter, 2011) By coming up with a plan to make drug user go to rehabilitation centers and treating their addiction before they receive financial assistance from the government will cause people to either get better first, or not have the opportunity to take the tax money and waste it on illegal drugs anyway. ll. Where in the United States has this law been implemented? A. Many states have tried very hard to get the drug testing law put into place and used effectively but not all have succeeded. In fact only 7 of the 29 that have proposed the law have had it passed in their state. The states that have the law include Florida, Utah, Michigan, Tennessee, Arizona, Missouri, and Oklahoma. Many of the states that have Mercado 3 tried to get this law into effect include North Dakota, Arkansas, New Hampshire, Texas, Kansas, Maine, Wyoming, and Virginia (National, 2013) III. What are the possible cons to drug testing welfare recipients? A. Two Michigan mothers, both on welfare argue that the drug testing law in effect in their state is it if constitutional grounds. Tanya Marchwinski, one of these mothers states, â€Å"Just because we are lower income we are singled out. Makes me feel like I’m doing something wrong and I’m constantly being watched.† (Cannon, 1999) B. Many states that have tried passing the drug testing law have failed because it is deemed unconstitutional. Due to the simple fact that the state representatives cannot assume all welfare applicants or recipients are drug users or addicts. Being able to pass these laws would take the conditions being changed to drug testing only taking place if state representatives suspect drug use in a welfare applicant or recipient. IV. A proposal on welfare reform A. Domenick Basolo the president of Good for Society, proposes a structure somewhat like the â€Å"Three-Strikes Law† Strike 1- Failing the given drug test when applying for welfare follows in providing written documentation for agreeing to signing up for a rehabilitation program. Strike 2- Must submit random drug screening, and provide proof once a week to attending rehabilitation programs. Strike 3- YOU’RE OUT! The failure to adhere to the following conditions and opportunities given will result in loss of funds to recipient, and possible household search to rule in or out of potential child negligence (Basolo, 2013). Conclusion A. There are many opinions on the welfare reform and whether or not to require applicants and recipients for submit a drug test and pass the drug test to relieve funds. However not all ideas or opinions would be acceptable in this country, because most ideas are deemed unconstitutional. Nevertheless, it is very evident a reform in welfare is much needed. It’s just now about finding an acceptable way to reform it without creating controversy. Personally, as a hard working tax payer, I would like to know my tax dollars are going to the right things they’re intended for, not just to support a drug addict and at the same time neglect innocent children’s needs for daily life items.

Problems Combining Work And School Essay

Combining work and school is not easy task. Now days it is very difficult for the college students to manage college tuition and their expenses. It becomes very difficult for the students to make a balance between the two. So to handle the increasing expenses and high tuition fees it becomes necessary to work and make some extra money. Combining work and school leads to several problems such as it affects studies, too little time for self and too little time to socialize. It also affects the health like due to excessive working hours the person becomes so tired that he doesn’t want to cook and eats more of fast food which affects the health College students who try to juggle job and school together find trouble at school. Early morning classes, for example, are particularly very difficult. Because they work every week night from noon to midnight, and reach home late in the night fully tired and exhausted, due to working late till midnight and have little time to do all the ass igned reading and homework due to this they get behind in the assignments, and never seem to have enough time to catch up which leads to poor grades and affects the GPA. Sometimes student’s work hours create other conflicts like due to extra workload from the employer they have to skip the classes. Working part time and study gives too little time to spend with family and to socialize. By the time I reach home in midnight everybody in the family is sleeping and after the tiring day at work and school I do not even get few minutes to spend with family and kids. By the time they wake up I have to leave for my school to attend the morning classes. I am not able to attend family functions such as birthdays, marriages etc due to my work. On the other hand when it comes to socializing with friends like going together on trips and having fun I cannot go with them because of my work and the classes. Even on the weekends when everybody is enjoying except me because I work on the weekends to make money. Even though I am missing a lot in my life but I have no other choice. I have to work to support my family and continue education. To avoid these kind of experience’s students try to be organized, and have time management  but most of the time they are unsuccessful because of the work the working hours are too much that they are not able to give time to other activiti es. A person cannot focus on too many things like family, health, friends etc during working and studying. Ultimately one of them has to suffer. To avoid these kind of experience’s students have to be organized, and have time management or they may get overwhelm in their daily schedule. In conclusion I can say that combining work and school is not easy and requires a lot of hard work.

The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland

The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland Also known as the Central African Federation, the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland was created between August 1st and October 23, 1953, and lasted until December 31, 1963. The federation joined the British protectorate of Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia), the colony of Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), and the protectorate of Nyasaland (now Malawi). Origins of the Federation White European settlers in the region were perturbed about the increasing black African population but had been stopped during the first half of the twentieth century from introducing more draconian rules and laws by the British Colonial Office. The end of World War II led to increased white immigration, especially in Southern Rhodesia, and there was a worldwide need for copper which existed in quantity in Northern Rhodesia. White settler leaders and industrialists once again called for a union of the three colonies to increase their potential and harness the black workforce. The election of the National Party in South Africa in 1948 worried the British government, which began to see federation as a potential counter to the Apartheid policies being introduced in SA. It was also seen as a potential sop to black nationalists in the region who were starting to ask for independence. Black nationalists in Nyasaland and Northern Rhodesia were worried that the white settlers of Southern Rhodesia would come to dominate any authority created for the new federation; this proved to be true, as the Federations first appointed prime minister was Godfrey Huggins, Viscount Malvern, who had already served as PM of Southern Rhodesia for 23 years. Operation of the Federation The British government planned for the Federation to eventually become a British dominion, and it was overseen from the start by a British assigned governor-general. The federation was an economic success, at least at the start, and there was an investment in a few expensive engineering projects, such as the Kariba hydro-electric dam on the Zambezi. In addition, in comparison to South Africa, the political landscape was more liberal. Black Africans worked as junior ministers and there was an income/property-owning basis to the franchise which allowed some black Africans to vote. There was still, however, an effective white minority rule to the government of the federation, and just as the rest of Africa was expressing a desire for majority rule, nationalist movements in the federation were growing. Break up of the Federation In 1959 Nyasaland nationalists called for action, and the resultant disturbances led to the authorities declaring a state of emergency. Nationalist leaders, including Dr. Hastings Kamuzu Banda, were detained, many without a trial. After his release in 1960, Banda decamped to London, where with Kenneth Kaunda and Joshua Nkomo he continued to campaign for an end to the federation. The early sixties saw independence come to a number of French African colonies, and the British prime minister, Harold Macmillan, gave his famous wind of change speech in South Africa. The British had already decided in 1962 that Nyasaland should be allowed to secede from the federation. A conference held in early 63 at Victoria Falls was seen as a last-ditch attempt to maintain the federation. It failed. It was announced on February 1, 1963, that the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland would be broken up. Nyasaland achieved independence, within the Commonwealth, as Malawi on July 6, 1964. Northern Rhodesia became independent as Zambia on October 24th that year. White settlers in Southern Rhodesia announced a Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) on November 11, 1965.

Henry Ford - Biography

Henry Ford - Biography Who Was Henry Ford? assembly line Dates: July 30, 1863 April 7, 1947 Henry Fords Childhood Ford, the Tinkerer Steam Engines It was during this time that Henry met Clara Bryant. When they married in 1888, Henrys father gave him a large piece of land on which Henry built a small house, a sawmill, and a shop to tinker in. Fords Quadricycle Founding the Ford Motor Company Believing that publicity would encourage people to by cars, Henry started building and driving his own racecars. It was at racetracks that Henry Fords name first became well known. However, the average person didnt need a racecar, they wanted something reliable. While Ford worked on designing a reliable car, investors organized a factory. It was this third attempt at a company to make automobiles, the Ford Motor Company, that succeeded. On July 15, 1903, the Ford Motor Company sold its first car, a Model A, to Dr. E. Pfennig, a dentist, for $850. Ford continually worked to improve the cars design and soon created Models B, C, and F. The Model T Since the Model T quickly became so popular that it was selling faster than Ford could manufacture them, Ford began looking for ways to speed up the manufacturing. In 1913, Ford added a motorized assembly line in the plant. The motorized conveyor belts moved the car to the workers, who would now each add one part to the car as the car passed them. The motorized assembly line significantly cut the time, and thus cost, of manufacturing each car. Ford passed on this savings to the customer. Although the first Model T was sold for $850, the price eventually dropped to under $300. Ford produced the Model T from 1908 until 1927, building 15 million cars. Ford Advocates for His Workers Henry Ford Ford also created a sociological department in the factory that would examine workers lives and try to make it better. Since he believed he knew what was best for his workers, Henry was very much against unions. Anti-Semitism Dearborn Independent The Death of Henry Ford For decades, Henry Ford and his only child, Edsel, worked together at the Ford Motor Company. However, friction between them steadily grew, based nearly entirely on differences of opinion over how the Ford Motor Company should be run. In the end, Edsel died from stomach cancer in 1943, at age 49. In 1938 and again in 1941, Henry Ford suffered strokes. On April 7, 1947, four years after Edsels death, Henry Ford passed away at age 83.

Literature and culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Literature and culture - Research Paper Example The theme affects and is affected by the motive of the writer; thus one can say that the end a writer seeks to attain is what forms the theme of the literary work. One can imagine that there have been so many ends that have been achieved by writers throug literature. The theme therefore has an effect on the extent to which one can market his or her books to readers. Background of Authors Leon Uris was born in the United States and he moved to Israel after serving in the US Marine and in Israel, he worked as a journalist and reporter (Lambert 50). In a biography, Nadel (93) examined that Uris sought to revive his Jewish identity and that is what made him take on research into the founding of the State of Israel and most of those findings influenced his book, Exodus. Khaled Hosseini on the other hand was born in Afghanistan to an aristocratic Pusthun family around the time that the protagonist of his Kite Runner, Amir was born. Hosseini’s family had to leave Afghanistan for Euro pe during the Soviet invasion. They returned briefly and then went back to the United States where he has lived to this very day (Hosseini Personal Website) This therefore suggests that both writers had an inherent interest in the history of their nations and they were therefore influenced by the history and culture of their countries. Elements of History & Non-Fiction in Theme The narrations employed in the works of these authors make a person wonder if the work was actually non-fiction or fiction. Leon Uris states in the opening page that â€Å"Many events in The Exodus are a matter of history and public records. Many of the scenes were created around historical incidents and used as a backdrop for the purpose of fiction† (Uris 1). This shows evidence that Uris uses characters of fiction to portray elements of the founding of the nation of Israel, its culture and history through fiction and art. The hint that Hosseini gives in his book about the role of history in his narra tion is found in the opening statement he makes in Kite Runner saying â€Å"I became what I am today at the age of twelve on a frigid overcast day, in the Winter of 1975†¦ that was a long time ago but it is wrong what they say about the past I’ve heard, about how you bury it because it claws its way out† (K. Hosseini 4). This suggests that Hosseini was using elements of narration to present a historical point of view of his people and community. Afghanistan & Israel through the Writers Khalid Hosseini & Leon Uris both bring out the historical injustices meted out to their peoples through the individual experiences of their characters to express the collective suffering and elements of their peoples’ history and culture. This is done through fast paced narrations and very rigourous and clear pictures presented by these writers. In Kite Runner, Hosseini presents Amir as a young member of the well-to-do Pushtun family who has all the privileges and luxuries an d is seen to be righteous and innocent. Amir’s father, Baba is presented as a very rich aristocratic Pushtun merchant who was ready to face to advancing Soviets with courage. On the other hand, Hassan and his father, the