Finance analysis of Whitbread Financial Ratios Assignment

Fund investigation of Whitbread Financial Ratios - Assignment Example Proportion investigation is one of the techniques used to complete an organization money related examination to decide the exhibition of the organization being referred to corresponding to different organizations in the business in which such an organization works and furthermore comparable to its own tasks after some time. The past presentation of the organization as appeared by the proportion examination just as different techniques that can be utilized in the organization money related investigation can be utilized as a pointer of the company’s future execution as far as the company’s liquidity, productivity, working capital administration, resource the board, proficiency of the company’s the executives, money the board just as financial specialist valuation proportions so as to help in arranging and appraisal of the company’s methodologies just as for use by speculators to settle on a choice on whether to put resources into the organization or not.... assess the company’s execution against one of its rivals which is called Restaurants Group Plc lastly offer a proposal on the company’s execution over the multi year time frame between year 2010 and year 2011 and furthermore comparable to the contender Restaurants Group Plc. Portrayal of the business The United Kingdom Restaurant industry has been exceptionally lively throughout the most recent three years notwithstanding the downturn that enormously influenced the worldwide markets inside the period between year 2008 and year 2010 and the obligation emergency in the Euro Zone in year 2011. In view of Oxford Writers, eateries are an exceptionally indispensable piece of the way of life of the individuals of the United Kingdom (Oxford Writers 2012). The business is contained lodging administrators, eateries, bars and bar cafés among different administrations that go inseparably with the food business. The business is for the most part influenced by the occasional food bu siness because of the way that the agrarian produce in a large portion of the horticultural territories in the United Kingdom is occasional in nature. What's more, the visitors in these eateries are additionally occasional. For example more individuals eat out during summer that during winter along these lines showing that inn business will blast in summer and decrease in winter. Then again, occasions, for example, Christmas, Easter and so forth likewise increment the quantity of clients in cafés along these lines expanding benefit. As at 27th April 2012, Whitbread Plc was the biggest organization in the eateries business by showcase capitalization with a market capitalization of ?3.39 billion followed by Greene King Plc with a market capitalization of ?1.1 billion, trailed by Mitchells and Butlers Plc with a market capitalization of ?1.08 billion, trailed by Domino’s Pizza UK and Ireland Plc with a market

Changing trends in lifestyle free essay sample

Nowadays ways of life appear to change quick. It is something beyond attire and hairdos that are in style one year and obsolete the following; it’s an entire method of living. One year individuals wear shades on their heads and wear pants and boots; they drink white wine and eat sushi at Japanese eateries; for practice they work a few miles every day. In any case, the following year they notice that everything has changed. Ladies wear long skirts; individuals drink costly water from France and eat pasta at Italian cafés; everybody is by all accounts practicing at gyms. Basically nothing in current life gets away from the impact of style; food, music, work out, books, slang words, motion pictures, furniture, spots to visit, even names go all through design. It’s practically difficult to expound on explicit prevailing fashions on the grounds that these interests that individuals follow can change rapidly. In the United States, even individuals can be â€Å"in† or â€Å"out. We will compose a custom article test on Changing patterns in way of life or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page † Like individuals in any nation, Americans appreciate following the lives of VIPs: celebrities, sports saints, celebrated craftsmen, government officials, and so forth. Be that as it may, Americans additionally give a great deal of consideration to individuals who have no unique capacity and have done nothing exceptionally extraordinary. In 1981, for instance, an obscure old lady showed up in a TV plug in which she took a gander at an exceptionally little burger and griped noisily, â€Å"Where’s the beef?† These three words put her on the map. Out of nowhere she showed up in magazines and papers and on TV appears. She was promptly famous. She was â€Å"in.† In 1987 an exterminator in Dallas, Texas concluded that he would be glad in the event that he could discover more clients for his private venture; he required more individuals to pay him to murder the creepy crawlies and rodents in their homes. He put an unordinary notice in a Dallas paper: He offered to pay $1,000 to the individual who could locate the greatest cockroach. This abnormal offer made him abruptly celebrated. Be that as it may, this sort of popularity doesn't keep going long. Such individuals are celebrated for a brief timeframe. They are prevailing fashions. What makes such prevailing fashions go back and forth? Furthermore, for what reason do such a significant number of individuals tail them? Despite the fact that apparel architects and makers impact crazes in fashionâ because they need to make a benefit, this craving for cash doesn’t clarify trends in different regions, for example, language. For instance, why have young people in the previous a quarter century utilized †at various occasions †the slang words cool, or marvelous, in discussion rather than basically saying superb? As per Jack Santino, a specialist in mainstream society, individuals who follow prevailing fashions are not unreasonable; they just need ot be a piece of something new and innovative, and they feel great when they are a piece of a â€Å"in-group.† Fads are not interesting to the United States. Dr. Santino accepts that prevailing fashions are normal in any nation that has a solid shopper economy, e.g., Britain, Japan, and Germany. In any case, in the United States there is an extra purpose behind crazes: Most Americans appear to feel that something isn't right if there isn’t visit change in their lives. Dr. Santino calls attention to that it’s now and again hard to see the contrast between a craze and a pattern. A prevailing fashion, he says, endures an extremely brief timeframe and isn't significant. A social pattern keeps going quite a while and turns into a genuine piece of current culture. A pattern may be the utilization of PCs; a craze may be specific kinds of PC games. An ongoing pattern is the across the country enthusiasm for good wellbeing, however numerous crazes originate from this pattern: oxygen consuming moving, exceptional eating regimens, imported water, and so forth. An energizing pattern started in Europe in the mid-1990s: the social outskirts between nations started to separate. Voyagers from different pieces of the world saw that â€Å"Eurokids,† from Lisbon to Stockholm, from London to Athens, appeared to be fundamentally the same as one another. All followed similar prevailing fashions in style, music, and food. These Eurokids had similar ways of life and qualities. For instance, they were stressed over nature, concerned more about downpour backwoods than garments. A portion of the Eurokids’ crazes will positively vanish and others will go along, however it will be fascinating to check whether the pattern proceeds and turns into a genuine piece of European culture.

Where do Trees Come From

Where do Trees Come From In my continuing quest to obtain a teaching certificate through MITs excellent STEP program, I am taking two teaching courses this semester. 11.125 focuses more on theory and 11.131 focuses on practical issues. For instance, 11.125 is more likely to talk about whether the tests you write for students are formative or summative, and 11.129 is more likely to talk about how to keep students from cheating on them. Yesterday in 11.125, we talked a little bit about trees. As you know, they grow from seeds, much like this one. Photo courtesy of publicdomainpictures.net And of course if you wait a few years they get quite large Photo courtesy of sherhorosko.wordpress.com So, the question we were asked in class is, where does that huge increase in mass come from? I want to hear your answers and reasoning in the comments just think about it; no Wikipedia! I also want your input on something else for 11.125. I need to sit in on some class at MIT as an impartial observer and take notes on how the teacher interacts with the students. Please look through MITs course catalog and let me know what classes interest you (and what you are wondering about them). I will choose one to check out and report back on it later!

U.s. Constitution And Texas Constitution Essay - 895 Words

Both the U.S. Constitution and Texas Constitution, demonstrate a parallelism between civil liberties that guarantees personal freedoms that the government cannot deprive from its citizens without due process, in which this case will demonstrate. In 1981, the parents of several school aged children of Mexican Origin filed a suit against Superintendent James Plyler, of Tyler, Texas, regarding immigration status. The Plyler v. Doe (457 U.S. 202 (1982)) case decision could not have happened prior to 1982, if numerous cases had not paved the way. Some of the significance cases were Vlandis v. Kline (412 U.S. 441 (1973)), which denied an individual an opportunity to present evidence they were a resident entitled to in-state-rates. In Weinberger v. Salfe (422 U.S. 771 (1975)), denied social security benefits to be paid to a mother and child after her husband died. In Toll v. Moreno (441 U.S. 458 (1978)), a student was financially depend upon a person who held a G-4 visa, granted to officers or employees of international organizations. In Elkins v. Moreno (435 U.S. 647 (1978), the student was refused in-state-status, whose parents were lived in Maryland. The Abington School District v. Schempp (374 U.S. 203 (1963)), Wisconsin v. Yoder (406 U.S. 205 (1972)), and Amback v. Norwick, 441 v. 68 (1979)) cases discuss how and why education, to some degree, is necessary to prepare citizens to participate in our political system. The Shaughnessy v. Thompson (394 U.S. 659 (1953)), Wong WingShow MoreRelatedU.s. Constitution And The Texas Constitution Essay1109 Words   |  5 PagesSeptember 17, 1787, the U.S. constitution was signed. The U.S. constitution is a document that has a set of rules, guidelines, and principles that governs our nation. This constitution is the oldest written national document and has had 27 amendments. The current Texas constitution is the seventh document written for Texas. The previous six were all when Texas was still apart of Mexico. The current constitution hasn’t been revised since 1876, which makes it the longest state constitution in the United StatesRead MoreTexas Constitution Vs. U.s. Constitution956 Words   |  4 PagesTexas is considered a very diverse and unique state in many different aspects. It is the second largest state with more than twenty-six million people residing. People all over the state live in a variety of environments, cities, suburbs, rural areas , you name it. Of course though, like in everything else, there are always both positive and negative things. However, despite the fact that Texas have very high poverty rates and it has the second highest income inequality, Texas is a very interestingRead MoreTexas Constitution Vs. U.s. Constitution Essay1362 Words   |  6 PagesAs far as the Texas Constitution in comparison to the U.S. Constitution, they are much different. There has always been much talk about how the Texas Constitution is very long and poorly put together. I believe Texas and the people in it have tried to keep Texas very traditional and old school as possible. In my opinion, they have continued to add things to the Constitution to keep away from progressivism and to not allow the U.S. government to dictate what they will and will not do. There is alwaysRead MoreU.S. Constitution vs. Texas Constitution Essay675 Words   |  3 PagesA constitution is the fundamental principles of government in a nation, either implied in its laws, institutions, and customs, or embodied in one fundamental document. The U.S. Constitution was completed on September 17, 1789 and has served as a model for the constitutions of many other nations. The constitution of the United States of America is the oldest written national constitution in use and consists of twenty-seven amendments. The state of Texas has had six constitutions. The constitutionRead MoreA Discussion Of Constitutional Law And Its Relationship With Education1031 Words   |  5 PagesA Discussion of Constitutional Law and Its Relationship with Education Education is not explicitly mentioned in the United States Constitution, but instead, education is one of the powers reserved to the states. Power not specifically given to the federal government is reserved for the states through the Tenth Amendment of the Unites States Constitution. Therefore, states have plenary, or absolute, power in the area of education. While states may hold this reserved power, with regard to educationRead MoreThe United States Constitution And Texas Constitution908 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States Constitution and Texas Constitution are similar, but not indistinguishable. The constitution was made to prevent tyranny in the states from the idea of the Federalists who wanted to build a strong form of government that gave people rights without giving their representatives too much power. Additionally, both constitutions form a bicameral form of government, a House of Representatives, and a Senate. The Federalists wanted a strong central government to he lp the economic and socialRead MoreTheu.s. And Texas Constitutions Essay1005 Words   |  5 Pagespeople of Texas have seen many changes to state government since receiving their independence from Mexico. The state has been governed by six different constitutions. The most recent was written during the Constitutional Convention of 1875, and adopted February 15, 1876 by popular vote. This constitution contains sixteen articles, and four hundred eighty-three amendments. Throughout thus essay, the role of the state constitution will be examined along with a comparison of the U.S. and Texas ConstitutionsRead MoreTheu.s. And Texas Documents1184 Words   |  5 PagesA Constitution serves to establish a government, and act as a guide and a reference. It encapsulates the ideals of a citizenry, and delegates powers to a central government. Federal and state governments utilize distinct Constitutions tailored to the specific needs and challenges of governing at the national and local levels . The two Constitutions are in existence for different purposes and cultural situations. On a basic level, however, they both serve similar functions. Both the U.S. and Texas documentsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article The Texas Constitution By Lawrence W. Miller961 Words   |  4 PagesThe article â€Å"The Texas Constitution† by Lawrence W. Miller is mainly about the stages of leading up to the creation of our current Texas Constitution, and the lengthiness that seems to ne be taken into consideration when creating the final draft. The framers of the Texas Constitution did not seem to learn much from their predecessors, the writers of the U.S. Constitution. The article starts out by explaining how the U.S. Constitution works in regards to the government, and how it was created.Read MoreThe State Of The Texas Constitution1241 Words   |  5 Pages The Texas constitution is one of the oldest constitutions which was initially adopted in 1876. Since the adoption of the Texas Constitution, the Legislature has proposed 662 amendments. Out of these amendments, the electorate has approved 483 while the voters majority has defeated 179. From the many modifications and many more proposals pending or that are yet to come, it is evident that the Texas Constitution is not a perfect one as many other constitutions of individual states. As argued

Median Worksheets for Math Students

Sequential Analysis of Airline Industry in Nigeria Free Essays

Many wonder about the influence of product /service contents or features on business function. Why do people prefer certain airlines and not others? Some insist on KLM, while others prefer emirates  . Some choose virgin atlantic airways, while some others go for british airways. We will write a custom essay sample on Sequential Analysis of Airline Industry in Nigeria or any similar topic only for you Order Now Yet many people contend that there are no significant differences among well – known airlines. The passengers’ choice may be influenced by the quality of services offered or the attractive price package, or value for money programme. Frequency, the ticket price, in-flight services, punctuality, time schedule, seat comfort and other characteristics combine to project an image to the prospective passenger. Consequently, these features are input element in a marketing programme. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors influencing choice and the extent to which customers are likely to exhibit loyalty in the face of severe price competition. This study explores the change in airline passengers’ preferences in situations where service quality improves. This study is informed by the influx of foreign airlines into Nigeria and the attendant issue of how a prospective buyer takes a decision on which airline to fly. This investigation is conceived with the objective of measuring the effect on airlines the decision variable per passenger’s preferences. The aim is to ascertain how the effect of factors influencing the choice of airline significantly improves the marketing strategies employed by these airlines. This research problem is undertaken by utilizing an approach which involves a literature review to identify key construct and a survey. The information gathered are then used in the development of a questionnaire. The key issues influencing the choice of airline are identified. In other to test the hypothesis, that ‘value for money’ acts a s key decision variable, a survey of customers is conducted using a convenient sample of respondents who have been responsible for purchasing airline tickets for themselves to undertake international travel in the prior twelve months. Respondents rate the importance of a variety of issues relating to airlines choice. A factor analysis of these items is then carried out using a varimax rotation. Under the advance exploratory analysis, a multivariate analysis of variance is therefore undertaken to analyze the impact of some of these determining factors on likelihood to fly on an airline. The analysis shows that the two top factors affecting passengers’ choice of airline are â€Å"schedule of the time† and â€Å"safety†. The actor of seat comfort is ranked fourth by the total number of passengers. The analysis of pasenger’s satisfaction tells us the quality of airline services that passengers actually received. The result shows that â€Å"seat comfort† is ranked far behind the other eight factors, indicating that the service quality that passengers received is below average. Under the choice model, the sign of price is negative implying that the passengers prefer the airline with lower ticket to that with the higher ticket fare which is identical with normal expectation. The sign of seat type is positive which indicate passengers’ actually view seat comfort as an important factor in their choice decision. The above findings show that this market segment currently lacks loyalty and is driven solely by price related features. It may therefore be necessary for airlines to undertake further investigation that allows them to develop strategies and packages that particularly target the need of this group. How to cite Sequential Analysis of Airline Industry in Nigeria, Essay examples

Separation of powers Essay Example For Students

Separation of powers Essay In the United States government there are 3 branches of government, the power given to the central government is divided among these 3 branches. Each of these branches are given powers so that they can check the powers of the other 2 branches ensuring that one branch doesnt become to powerful One of these branches is the legislative branch this is the branch that includes congress, they are responsible for making laws. The second branch of government is the executive branch this is the branch that includes the president, they are responsible for carrying out laws. The last branch of government is the judicial branch, this branch includes the Supreme Court they are responsible for making sure laws are constitutional. There many different ways at which each of these branches check the powers of the next branch, they include appointing new members to each branch, vetoing laws proposed by a branch, declaring a law unconstitutional and many other different powers. The legislative branch just like every other branch in the government has the power to check other ones and is checked by the opposing branches. This legislative branch checks the powers of the executive branch in many different ways ensuring that they do not become overpowering. One way in which the legislative branch checks the power of the executive branch is if congress the legislative branch decides that the president is not doing his job to the full extent that he should, they have the power to impeach him from office so that his job will be done right by the person next in line for the job. One other power that the legislative branch has is the power to override a veto with a 2/3 vote. This means that if the president decides to veto a law proposed by congress they have the power to override that veto w/ a 2/3 vote. One way in which the legislative branch checks the powers of the judicial branch is if congress decides that a certain judge isnt doing his job properly they have the power to remove them from their job. One other power that the legislative branch has over the judicial branch is they have the power to approve or reject the appointments of new judges, this means that if they do not want a certain judge to be appointed to the supreme court they have the power to deny him of his job. The executive branch also has many powers over the other 2 branches. One power that the executive branch has over the legislative branch is, if congress decides to create a new law the president has the power to approve or veto this law if he doesnt like it. The executive branch also has many powers over the judicial branch. One of these powers is the President has the power to appoint new judges if he feels that there is the need for a new member to the Supreme Court. One other power that the presidents branch has over the Supreme Court is the power to pardon someone. This means that the president has the power to excuse someone from their crime that they committed if the Supreme Court decided that that individual was guilty. The Supreme Court as well as the other 2 branches has many powers over their opposing branches. One power that the Supreme Court has over the executive branch is the power to declare any actions done by the executive branch unconstitutional. The Supreme Court also has many powers over the legislative branch. They have the power to declare any laws introduced by congress as unconstitutional. .uf5e04ad0232f0f2304f01752179d2a2e , .uf5e04ad0232f0f2304f01752179d2a2e .postImageUrl , .uf5e04ad0232f0f2304f01752179d2a2e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf5e04ad0232f0f2304f01752179d2a2e , .uf5e04ad0232f0f2304f01752179d2a2e:hover , .uf5e04ad0232f0f2304f01752179d2a2e:visited , .uf5e04ad0232f0f2304f01752179d2a2e:active { border:0!important; } .uf5e04ad0232f0f2304f01752179d2a2e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf5e04ad0232f0f2304f01752179d2a2e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf5e04ad0232f0f2304f01752179d2a2e:active , .uf5e04ad0232f0f2304f01752179d2a2e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf5e04ad0232f0f2304f01752179d2a2e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf5e04ad0232f0f2304f01752179d2a2e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf5e04ad0232f0f2304f01752179d2a2e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf5e04ad0232f0f2304f01752179d2a2e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf5e04ad0232f0f2304f01752179d2a2e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf5e04ad0232f0f2304f01752179d2a2e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf5e04ad0232f0f2304f01752179d2a2e .uf5e04ad0232f0f2304f01752179d2a2e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf5e04ad0232f0f2304f01752179d2a2e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Of Masques and Triumphs EssayIn all the system of separating the powers of government is good idea not one branch is able to become to powerful but each branch still has many powers

The Effect of Interactivity with a Music Video Game on Second Language Vocabulary Recall Essay Example

The Effect of Interactivity with a Music Video Game on Second Language Vocabulary Recall Essay This research has been done by Jonathan deHaan. W. Michael Reed and Katsuko Kuwada. Jonathan deHaan is an Associate Professor in the Faculty of International Relations at the University of Shizuoka. He earned his Ph. D. in Educational Communication and Technology from New York University. His research focuses on 2nd linguistic communication acquisition and learning with games and simulations. As for W. Michael Reed. he was a retired professor of Educational Communication and Technology at New York University and the IRB/IACUC Administrator for Radford University in Virginia. His research involvements spanned over a 25-year period and focused on educational computer science. problem-solving. metacognition. and composing procedures. Meanwhile. Katsuko Kuwada is a doctorial pupil in the International Cultural Studies plan at Tohoku University. She investigates linguistic communication and civilization ; her current research compares the usage of first-person topics in Nipponese and English based on different cultural backgrounds. The intent of this research is to cognize physical interactivity of a 2nd linguistic communication music picture game is manipulated to look into the consequence of interactivity on vocabulary acquisition and cognitive burden ( deHaan. Reed A ; Kuwada. 2010 ) or in simpler manner is to look into whether the interactivity ( and at the same time presented text. sound and life ) of picture game is immaterial cognitive burden ( therefore holding a negative consequence on larning ) or germane burden ( therefore holding a positive consequence on larning ) ( deHaan. Reed A ; Kuwada. 2010 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Interactivity with a Music Video Game on Second Language Vocabulary Recall specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Interactivity with a Music Video Game on Second Language Vocabulary Recall specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Interactivity with a Music Video Game on Second Language Vocabulary Recall specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Overview The research inquiry that been highlighted here is to see interactivity of 2nd linguistic communication on music picture game on remembering vocabulary. This research captured my attending due to the use of media in learning English as 2nd linguistic communication to undergraduate Nipponese pupils. As we all know. multimedia engineering has been implemented in linguistic communication acquisition to pull every bit good as to actuate 2nd linguistic communication user to be able to comprehend. learn and bask English linguistic communication. This research is important to this aeon. in which multimedia is being integrated in linguistic communication acquisition. Thus Professor deHaan. Prof. Reed and DR. Kuwada focal point on what represent a game instead so what can be added to a game to do it accessible and gratifying in learning and larning procedure. In this research it has depicted that human cognitive architecture consists of a limited short-run memory’ ( Baddeley. 1992. Miller. 1959 ) . and a game’s complex elements ( e. g. usic. captions and wordss ) can make an inalterable high demand on working memory ( intrinsic cognitive burden ) . it is of import to understand whether a media characteristics. such as interactivity. show a pupil with unneeded immaterial cognitive burden. which interferes with larning. or germane burden. which enhances acquisition ( deHaan. Reed A ; Kuwada ; 2010 ) . Analysis This research has been done to see video game interactivity would assist or impede the noticing and callba ck of 2nd linguistic communication vocabulary. ( deHaan. Reed A ; Kuwada. 2010 ) . Here the three research workers have used interactivity. linguistic communication proficiency and picture game proficiency as independent variables while cognitive burden vocabulary written callback. and participant sentiments as dependent steps. Eighty undergraduates in which 65 of them are males and 15 of them are females in a scope of age about 18 to 24. from Computer Science University in rural Japan. Subjects’ female parent lingua is Nipponese and has 6 to 11 old ages of formal English instruction. Participants were paired and one participant in each brace was indiscriminately assigned to either drama or watch the picture game. and this been conducted in research lab. for 20 proceedingss long. Professor deHaan. Prof. Reed and Dr. Kuwada. instructed the participants to play or watch the game and larn the words of the blame. The video game degree was repeated five times by all braces. The participants were non allowed to take notes or utilize their lexicons and even non allowed to see and what more to interact with one and another. The stuff that was used in this research was Parappa the Rapper 2. Straight after cease with the experiment. participants would be given subjects from the game and were used as written cloze trial. where participants were required to compose the losing words from the game’s blame in the text’s spaces. This trial been repeated once more after 2 hebdomads. The consequence after the trial depicted that watchers of the picture game recalled significantly more vocabulary points compare to the participants. Therefore because spectators focus merely on the objects in the game and the sentences depicting the images without even have to incorporate with the game console. Meanwhile. the participants have to both focal points on the integrating with game and with console every bit good as their integrating with the sentences depicting the images. to such a grade the participants are holding cognitive tonss. Critique and Evaluation This research is focus on consequence of interactivity with music picture game on 2nd linguistic communication vocabulary callback. After exhaustively read the research paper I have found out that Professor deHaan. Prof. Reed and Kuwada pay cogently attending to cognize whether video game ( multimedia engineering ) would assist or impede noticing and recall 2nd linguistic communication vocabulary. Here the three research workers focus on cognitivist position in which harmonizing to Jean Piaget ( 1977 ) . mental procedure of an single usage in reacting to their environment. Cognitivism trades with how people think. work out jobs and do determinations. When the participants interact with the game they are utilizing their cognitive ability to prosecute with the stairss that they need to result in order to travel up to the following degree of the game every bit good as to convene on the wordss given in the game. Here the participants are reacting to their environment. nevertheless being cognitive tonss between fixating on the game and prosecuting to the wordss somehow has distracted them from concentrating on the vocabulary. Therefore has made them failed to remember the vocabulary during vocabulary recall trial. Meanwhile. the spectators do non confront the cognitive burden due to entirely one manner interaction ( having the input ) between them and the picture game. therefore has given them clip to give great item utilizing memorisation method. which is one of the 6 cognitive acquisition schemes ( Rubin A ; Wenden. 1987 ) . to indulge in the game. Furthermore. this research has proven that by utilizing video game can assist to help linguistic communication larning in 2nd linguistic communication leaner. As been reference by Hubbard ( 1991 ) . linguistic communication acquisition may go on with video game as linguistic communication is involved in the drama. It is easy to accept linguistic communication larning evolves through game as linguistic communication and job resolution are correlated and what more pupils seem to bask it. Despite that. the research has significantly highlighted that by watching the media ( game ) . in rebelliousness of affecting in it. can do the scholars notice and remembering more vocabulary items’ ( deHaan. Reed A ; Kuwada. 2010 ) . as they have merely to concentrate on the wordss merely. Hence consolidate that use of multimedia engineering ( game ) in linguistic communication category does non impede the linguistic communication acquisition. However. instructors must size up type of game that they want to utilize in their linguistic communication category. Nevertheless. in larning 2nd linguistic communication it is non adequate by merely interact with game and the wordss. To go competency in a linguistic communication 1 must besides portray the intent of utilizing the linguistic communication instead than merely simply know the linguistic communication yet non pass on it in purposeful conversation to reenforce the acquisition. therefore communicating is of import in linguistic communication acquisition. Like what has been mentioned by Douglas Brown ( 2000 ) . communicating is non simply an event. something that happens ; it is functional. purposive and designed to convey about some consequence. Due to that. 2 hebdomads after the research has been done. the participants been called to try 2nd trial to measure their vocabulary in remembering the game wordss. Here both participants and spectators have shown drastically cut downing of vocabulary if comparing to the old trial. This has proven that without purposeful larning pupils will non be able to prolong the vocabulary. On my behalf. I strongly believe that communicative support can heighten on linguistic communication larning via engineering. as one linguistic communication acquisition and no purposeful practise will impede the linguistic communication larning procedure. Through this research I have learnt to assent. without coaction with larning schemes ( between memorizing. recalling and pass oning via multimedia tool ) . the linguistic communication acquisition will non go purposeful and will do one larning a failure. Decision It can be concluded that physical interaction of this game has immaterial cognitive burden consequence on the participants. therefore non contributing to larning and seemed to hold unnecessarily diverted the players’ attending from the vocabulary and impede callback. Meanwhile. the spectators of the game have non exposed to the extra immaterial burden and have been able to give more cognitive resources to the intrinsic burden of the game and its linguistic communication. As a effect this research I have learnt that suited game ( multimedia ) can help linguistic communication larning procedure as pupils seemed to bask such activity. In any regard with purposeful support such as germane communicative support can counterbalance linguistic communication acquisition better. Furthermore. deduction of this research on future survey. instructors will be more selective in taking multimedia stuff for their categories and they will do certain balance input been given in the sense of interactivity and linguistic communication acquisition so that no cognitive burden will happen and impede linguistic communication larning via multimedia.

Free Essays on Adam Smiths Free Market Society Versus Malinowskis Trobriand Island Kula Exchange System

Adam Smith believes that a human inclination toward free trade is natural. He argues that it is inevitable for man to act in his own self-interest. Malinowski’s Trobriand society operates on the principle of working for the benefit of the community rather than for one’s self-interest. Even though the good of the community then leads to the prosperity of individuals, the intention is for the former, not the latter, in the case of the Trobrianders. Smith’s view of a commercial-market society includes the principle of self-interest as the chief means of motivation for production, accumulation of wealth and innovation. When everyone in a society is economically competing and operating ins their own self-interests, work will be done more efficiently. The Trobrianders’ motivation to produce comes from tradition, ceremony, competition against other workers, and the belief in magic. The prospect of fame rather than fortune is the incentive for the Trobrianders. Smith would argue that this incentive is learned, rather than inherent, for these people. In Smith’s ideal society, workers are motivated by the idea of gain, using the least amount of effort necessary to adequately accomplish their tasks (not overexerting themselves), knowing that they will be recompensed for their work with payment. The Trobriand people, however, are not motivated by the idea of gain. They do not consider the idea of growing wealthy when they are working. They work for the sake of the work itself. It is their tradition to work in competition with the other workers, and the ways in which they work are like an established traditional ceremony. It is part of their tradition to exert as much effort as possible while working, even if this will not show in the outcome of the work. The workers are never paid for the time they take to produce necessary goods for the community. But the communities practice the principle of reciprocation, where food is ... Free Essays on Adam Smith's Free Market Society Versus Malinowski's Trobriand Island Kula Exchange System Free Essays on Adam Smith's Free Market Society Versus Malinowski's Trobriand Island Kula Exchange System Adam Smith believes that a human inclination toward free trade is natural. He argues that it is inevitable for man to act in his own self-interest. Malinowski’s Trobriand society operates on the principle of working for the benefit of the community rather than for one’s self-interest. Even though the good of the community then leads to the prosperity of individuals, the intention is for the former, not the latter, in the case of the Trobrianders. Smith’s view of a commercial-market society includes the principle of self-interest as the chief means of motivation for production, accumulation of wealth and innovation. When everyone in a society is economically competing and operating ins their own self-interests, work will be done more efficiently. The Trobrianders’ motivation to produce comes from tradition, ceremony, competition against other workers, and the belief in magic. The prospect of fame rather than fortune is the incentive for the Trobrianders. Smith would argue that this incentive is learned, rather than inherent, for these people. In Smith’s ideal society, workers are motivated by the idea of gain, using the least amount of effort necessary to adequately accomplish their tasks (not overexerting themselves), knowing that they will be recompensed for their work with payment. The Trobriand people, however, are not motivated by the idea of gain. They do not consider the idea of growing wealthy when they are working. They work for the sake of the work itself. It is their tradition to work in competition with the other workers, and the ways in which they work are like an established traditional ceremony. It is part of their tradition to exert as much effort as possible while working, even if this will not show in the outcome of the work. The workers are never paid for the time they take to produce necessary goods for the community. But the communities practice the principle of reciprocation, where food is ...

Describe the process of graft rejection in transplantation Essay

Describe the process of graft rejection in transplantation - Essay Example tegorized by thrombotic occlusions and haemorrhage of the graft vasculature occurs as a result of pre-existing host antibodies that remain bonded to antigens found in the graft  endothelium. The complement system gets activated through the recognition of the antigens, accompanied by invasion of neutrophils. Coagulation is initiated by the lipid particles that are discarded from the endothelial cells and platelets. The graft gets vascularised through the inflammation that occurs and the graft suffers irreparable damage (Graft Rejection, n.d.). Acute rejections are common in transplants and usually occur by incompatible HLA antigens found in the cells. T-cells are involved in rejections that result in the production of cytokines by the graft cells that engage other inflammatory cells in the process, and cause necrosis of allograft tissues. In chronic rejections occlusions are visible in graft arteries that are caused by the smooth muscle cells that proliferate and the fibroblasts that produce collagens. This process is known as accelerated or graft arteriosclerosis and that causes fibrosis and can lead to ischemia and cell death (Graft Rejection, n.d.). Sensitization and Effector are the two primary stages of the process of the graft rejection process in transplantation. In the sensitization stage, the CD4 and CD8 categories of T-cells use their receptors and identify the alloantigens that are present on the foreign graft cells. The signals required for the process are provided by the interactions between the T-cell receptor and antigen, and co-stimulatory receptor/ligand with T-cell or APC regulator. Peptide-binding grooves are formed by the helices of MHC molecules and these are made in use by the peptides derived from normal cellular proteins. Direct and indirect pathways of allorecognition cause the production of diverse sets of allospecific clones of T-cell (Malhotra, 2011). The effector mechanisms are supported by the Alloantigen-dependent and independent

Triple Bottom Line Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Triple Bottom Line - Assignment Example These components also assume three divisions that include people, planet, and profit. In an organization, these components are crucial for the sustainability of the organization. The components have a linkage, and an organization has to consider them for their business to thrive. The people component involves the benefits people or the community near the location of the organization. The organization should influence the community positively and not impact on it in a negative way. The organization should ensure it exploits anyone neither treat them inappropriately. The planet component deals with the effects an organization has on the environment (Slaper and Hall 2011). Some organization cause pollution either air, water or soil and these leaves the people suffering from diseases, and also this weighs heavily on the government to correct it. The government has to use the money to ensure environmental sustainability (Savitz and Weber 2012). They get the money from the taxpayers. Thus, the organization will be impacting negatively on the environment and the people. The profit component assesses the economic value of an organization its benefits to the society and also to itself. The Triple bottom line is relevant to any business as it evaluates the performance of any organization. It also helps to evaluate the future consequences that the organization will have to the society and the environment. All organizations should consider the triple bottom line when setting the organization's goals of sustainability.

People Living With Hiv Health And Social Care Essay

People Living With Hiv Health And Social Care Essay HIV/AIDS is one of the most challenges to human life and dignity. It affects all levels of the society and has a massive impact on global economic and social development, (Rowden, 2009). Studies have been conducted on its impact on human life and how it could be controlled. This review was conducted by visiting a number of websites of different publishers and organisations for published articles on HIV/AIDS and stigma. Literature covering a period of 8 years from 2002-2010 was extracted from Assia, PubMed, Sage, British Medical Journal, Cochrane and Absco-host. However due to the topic in question, literature from most recent articles would have been preferred. The term HIV/AIDS stigma was used to capture a wide range of articles covering all areas of the globe. Abstracts from twenty studies were reviewed for the study, objectives, methodology and key findings. Twelve studies covering different locations of the world were chosen. Relevant documents and reports from other organisation s such as UNAIDS, WHO and the World Bank were also reviewed. Both qualitative and quantitative data was used to present the information. Due to the challenges presented by HIV/AIDS to global public health, Baum. (2008:241) calls for collective participation of all sectors in the fight against this deadly disease. Baum emphasises on the collective participation between the lay people and the health structures as key to success. This is further supported by Farmer, (1999), who does not condone the dominance of the biomedical perspective in health and healing. He believes that lay people have a significant role in the process of health improvements and emphasises on the importance of listening to, and understanding the lay peoples experiences of ill-health and how it is affected by their daily lives. Goffman, (1963), and Parker and Aggleton, (2003),s theories of stigma help us to understand how stigma is constructed and its influence in peoples lives. They view stigma and discrimination as functional systems which maintain boundaries between those in power and those without. Through such power, social inequalities are developed leading to creation of social norms. These formulate stigma by governing interactions between people and reinforce power structures that serve to isolate those that are regarded as outsiders, ( ). Both theories have been widely used in HIV related stigma to highlight how the prejudice, negative attitudes, abuse and maltreatment directed towards people living with HIV/AIDS have hindered the progress of prevention and treatment. Findings from the studies highlight the significance of lay people for prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS to be effective. In Tanzania, the study unveiled some discriminatory and stigmatised practices such as gossiping about patients HIVs status, neglect, verbal abuse, testing and disclosing HIVs status without consent, (Tanzanias Stigma Indicators Field Test Group, 2005). Similarly in India, health workers were disclosing patients HIV status to their families without the patients consent, (Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS, 2007). Harassment, avoiding and isolation of HIV-positive patients and testing without counselling are common features of stigmatisation in most studies. Findings showed that stigma and discrimination in health care settings contribute a great deal in keeping people away from accessing HIV/AIDS treatment and care, therefore compromising their health and wellbeing. Patients felt greatly affected by the health workers feeling uncomfortable with them and treat ing them in an inferior manner. Some health workers wore protective clothing even if there was no physical contact during interactions. This affected peoples willingness to access the services despite it being vital to their health. The fear of being identified as infected with HIV was one of the reasons why some people prolonged testing for HIV even though they had the symptoms and only accessed services when their illness was at an advanced stage, (Bond, Aggleton, 2002, Human Resources of Health, 2007, Kinsler et al, 2007, Varga, Sherman, Jones, 2006, Kalichman, Simbayi, 2003). In Zambia, HIV-positive health workers were hiding their HIV status from their colleagues in fear of being stigmatised, (Dieleman et al, 2007). Experienced and perceived stigma and discrimination revealed by the studies have severe influence on people living with HIV/AIDS access to health services. While most of the literature on HIV/AIDS and stigma and access to health services is negative, research also highlights increasing evidence of the value of supportive and de-stigmatising HIV services in some parts of the globe. Brazil has been viewed favourably by people living with HIV/AIDS. The lay people reported supportive inclusive structural systems that create healthy environments for all. The success story of Brazils effective HIV/AIDS and stigma prevention and control is attributed to active participation of different groups in the society and the Brazilian government, (Caltado, 2008). Another success of collective efforts of the lay people and the health structures has been noted in South Africa where most people believe in traditional healing. Aids Activism in South has made a positive significance in HIV/AIDS preventing and treatment by translating and mediating the biomedical approach within local ideological frameworks which are easily understood and acted on by the loc als, (Colvin, Robins, 2010). From the research findings it is clear that collaboration between the lay people and the biomedical approach to healing is essential for successful control of HIV/AIDS and stigma. There is no cure for AIDS but Anti-retrovirals (ARVs) can prolong life by keeping the level of HIV in the body at low levels therefore delaying the process between HIV and AIDS, (Robin, 2009). While ARVs are now readily available in most countries, concerns are mostly centred on the rising numbers of newly infected people. According to the World Bank, 60 million people are living with HIV/AIDS worldwide. Access to treatment has increased dramatically but for every 100 people on treatment, 250 become newly infected, (www.worldbank.org/EOL81VLA20 ). For this reason, pressure in now rising on the effectiveness of only relying on the biomedical approach as a concept of health and healing HIV/AIDS. Diseases such as HIV/AIDS need to be tackled using both the biomedical approach and the lay perspective for prevent ion and treatment to be effective. The shortfall of the biomedical approach to treatment lies on its focus that is restricted to the physical illness of an individuals body and the scientific understanding of disease therefore making the approach heavily based on pharmacology. While pharmacology is beneficial in the treatment and prevention of HIV/AIDS, it benefits the pharmaceutical industry which has also been critiqued as hindering the progress on controlling HIV/AIDS. Pharmacology further promotes the privilege of the biomedical model which may be inappropriate to the communities and create feelings of helplessness and vulnerability. This may contribute to the undermining of alternative approaches to treatment and prevention, (Global Health Watch, 2008, Rowden, 2009, Farmer, 1999). Such interventions are not successful in nations who believe in indigenous forms of healing, for example the dependency on traditional healing in Africa. The lay approaches to healing are effective because they are embedded within local social and cultural structures, but as with HIV/AIDS care, this cannot be confirmed as true. Unlike in the biomedical approach, indigenous approaches seek to heal the whole person by linking the illness with the persons social and economic background. In South Africa, despite people heavily relying on traditional healing approaches, the HIV prevalence continued to rise. Significance towards effective control of the epidemic has been noted with the increase in accessibility of ARVs, (Colvin, 2009). In the UNAIDS report on global AIDS epidemic 2010, in 7 countries, five of them in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, HIV incidences increased by more than 25% between 2001 and 2009. Sub Saharan Africa, although still remaining the most highly affected by the epidemic, figures either stabilised or showed signs of decline owing to positive behaviour due to increased services that are embedded in local culture. T he report affirms that stigma and discrimination, lack of access to services and bad laws can make the epidemic worse, (www.unaids.org/globalreport/Global_report.htm). The attribute to increased incidences in Europe and Central Asia could be on the countries reliability only on the biomedical model of healing. Baum, (2008) asserts that community level mobilisation where there is partnership between the lay people and structures is the effective way of combating HIV/AIDS and stigma. Active participation of lay people will not only promote individual level responses to dealing with the stigma, access to care and preventing of HIV/AIDS but could also go a long way in improving global public health, (Parker and Aggleton, 2003). Improving health care services and making them accessible to people living with HIV/AIDS without fear of being stigmatised, educating health care professionals about the impact of stigma on patients and policies that encourage inclusion of people living with HIV/AIDS in decisions that affect their lives are some of the key factors of effectively tackling the epidemic, (Farmer, 1990:90). Advocacy is another way lay people engaged to improve the relationship between health structures and people living HIV/AIDS. The Greater Involvement of People Living with HIV/AIDS, (GIPA), formally adopted as a principle at an AIDS Summit in 1994 emphasises the need for involvement of people living with HIV/AIDS at all levels in the fight against the disease. According to UNAIDS, people living with HIV/AIDS understand their situation better therefore their voices could be heard well if their needs were presented by people in the same situation, (www.unaids.org). In the Zambia study, with supportive structures, the professionals living with HIV/AIDS are in a better position to advocate for people accessing services. Baum, (2008:550) claims that advocacy involving public health practitioners is an effective way of influencing structural barriers in public health. Both the biomedical and lay perspective approaches to health, healing and prevention of HIV/AIDS and stigma have both benefits and limitations. There is therefore the need for holistic approaches that collaborates both models for HIV/AIDS and stigma interventions to be effective. HIV/AIDS has claimed a lot of lives and continues to claim more; through collective action of the societies and the national structures the epidemic could be controlled.

From Source to Shore an Amazon Success Story Essay

From Source to Shore An Amazon Success Story By Ankit Shah Amazon is one of the first ventures that set out to tap the potential of web for retail business. It’s hard to believe that a business that started out of founder Jeff Bezos’ garage in 1994 has revenues of over $32 billion today. What is even harder to believe is that the company didn’t make any profit for first 5 years of its conception. Looking back, many leading business analysts see Amazon’s business plan as one of the soundest yet simple business plans, or virtuous cycle as it is more popularly known, of that era. Figure 1: Amazon’s Business Plan. A sharp customer focus was the key take away of the business plan. While the general market trend during the dot com boom was of aggressively fending off competition, Amazon remained faithful towards the simplest principle of the industry, â€Å"It’s a Customer’s Market†. Driven by his will to increase customer satisfaction, Bezos made hefty investments in research and technology which was also new to the market. Consistent upgrades to the web portal made it increasingly easy to use and opened up the market by introducing its customers to products that were not available at a regular retail store. Features like personal recommendations, search inside a book, wish lists were highly customer centric and quickly caught the attention of the e-shoppers. The high variety offered by Amazon enticed even more customers after the features like rating a product, reviews and discussions were added. Figure 2 shows the current customer satisfaction standing of Amazon and its competitors. Figure 2: American Customer Satisfaction Index (Internet Retailers). Feb 2011. Recognizing the importance of the long tail market has also played a part in Amazon’s increasing customer satisfaction scores. Being an online retailer, Amazon has the flexibility to offer obscure products to its customers. The ease of obtaining products and items, which are rarely available at regular stores, is a key USP of Amazon. It is also a major profit maker for Amazon. Figure 3: The Long Tail Phenomenon Consistent high scores on the customer satisfaction index and the sound business strategy reaped its first profit in 2001, by which time Amazon had become a household name. Customer satisfaction is identified as a leading contributor to a company’s profits by many leading industry experts. Figure 4: Contribution of various Business Performance Factors to Shareholder Value ‘Cost of attracting a new customer is almost 4 times the cost of retaining an old one’ is a statistic that is widely accepted in the industry. This translates to huge savings in Figure 5: Reason for customers to stop dealing with vendors operational costs as Amazon stands at over 81 million registered users today. As Amazon concentrated on building deeper customer relationships, it also came up with innovative ways to leverage these relationships to increase sales. Bill me later’ was introduced to increase the buying power of the existing customers. It allowed customers to buy a product instantly but be billed at a later date. Amazon Marketplace is a service that allows users to buy and sell used items. It is also a great example of how Amazon has leveraged its customer relationship to create new opportunities as the success of such a venture depends greatly on the customer relationships. The Brand Value of Amazon has also seen an upward movement similar to the customer satisfaction index. This has also helped Amazon attract more customers and increase its market presence. 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 36 Amazon 65 62 58 43 Brand Index Figure 6: Amazon’s Increasing Brand Value [5] The increasing brand value and the saturating market in United States have urged Amazon to spread into international markets. Amazon began its European expansion by acquiring Bookpages. co. uk in 1997. The international market growth of Amazon has been steadily increasing in the new markets and off late has come at power with the US market in terms of contribution to the revenue stream. Figure 7: International Sales vs US Sales The categorical waterfall approach to international expansion coupled with religious adherence to the customer centric business model is the major contributor to Amazon’s success in international markets. The international expansion time line below shows that Amazon favors American market to introduce its new product lines and features. Also, the American market still remains Amazon’s favorite in terms of wide product line. Figure 8: International Expansion Timeline for Amazon. Amazon is now moving towards establishing itself as a global leader in e-tailing. In keeping with its sound business model, Amazon is still focused towards innovating customer centric features and targeting customer satisfaction as a primary goal. With an increasing presence in international markets, Amazon also faces increasing competition from local e-tailers. Entering a market by acquiring an existing player is a strategy that has worked for Amazon. Country Acquired Year UK Bookpages. co. uk 1998 Germany Telebuch. e in 1998 China Joyo. com 2004 Figure 9: Amazon’s International Acquisitions.   Amazon also offers many country specific features and variations to its product line. This differentiation approach towards international markets plays a key role in building a market value and capturing market share. Country Canada Features †¢ Choice of language between French and English on the web portal. †¢ Canadian website Amazon. ca which is fully managed from the USA and on which Canadian customers can place their orders. To avoid expensive exporting from the USA, Amazon has entered partnerships with publishers and wholesalers from which customers are directly supplied. †¢ Offers a separate UK product selection. †¢ Provision to pay through postal orders. †¢ The German subsidiary is also responsible for serving the Austrian market. †¢ Provision to pay using cheques. †¢ Pays a small fine for ignoring the 5% limit for discount on books. †¢ Reduced its French staff and outsourced some of its administrative functions to the UK. †¢ Used the existing delivery system established by joyo. com instead of nation wide couriers.

Assessing Books in Line with the Greenaway Medal Criteria Essay

The Kate Greenaway Medal is one of the most prestigious awards given in the UK. It is awarded annually for distinguished illustration in children’s books. Awarded along with the Carnegie Award (given for distinguished writing in children’s books), the Greenaway Medal is given by the Chartered Institute of Librarians and Information Professionals (CILIP). For more than half a century now, the Greenaway Medal has been regarded as one of the most aspired recognitions by illustrators. Since it was first awarded in the year 1956, hundreds of prominent British book artists like Lauren Child, Anthony Browne, Shirley Hughes, and John Burningham have already received the award. The criteria Books which are nominated for CILIP’s Kate Greenaway medal must be of exceptional artistic quality. Focusing on the visual experience, the illustrated book must be stimulating and engaging. Although the graphic elements are prioritized, the texts must be properly coordinated with the images. Among the most important factors which must be assessed are the creative style, format, harmonization between illustration and text, and the visual experience. â€Å"The Baby Who Wouldn’t Go to Bed† by Helen Cooper The book tackles the story of a boy who simply refuses to go to sleep. When his mother calls for Bedtime, the boy drives away in his car and travel on to the night in search for a companion for his night quest. However, he constantly fails at his attempts to find the perfect comrade in the magical world full of characters from his toys. In the end, he realizes that nighttime is truly bedtime. He is then reunited with his mother, who like also cannot sleep as she was in search for him. To start with, the medium used for the book â€Å"The baby who wouldn’t go to bed† is quite suitable for its purpose. The visual images were not just appropriate – but rather very crucial to promote a general idea of the story. Although the concept presented in the book can also be delivered successfully through audio-visual mediums, the printed one is also equally fitting. Readers cannot help but notice that the visual images presented in the book follows the central theme that the story diverges on – a dreamy night. The images on the book well deliver the story from the sun setting to an overwhelming darkness all on its own as the readers go over the story page by page. As the story progresses, the shades and colors go darker and more looming with every page. Basically, the style of presentation of the texts and images vary. Some texts are matched with images much like groups of idea clumped together to present a segment of the story. In this style, the texts and images complement each other much like a painting with a written description. In other pages, the texts are separated from the visual images, thereby promoting the idea that the images only serve as a supplementary backdrop of the story. In some cases, the texts act as mere subtitles or captions for the graphics. Consistent throughout the whole book however is the dreamy style of illustration that is distinctively unique. Focusing on the typography, readers will find the book a pleasant read as its texts come in bold roman prints offered in the right sizes fit for kid’s reading. To a certain extent, the texts which are sparingly arranged in no more than five lines a paragraph heightens the reading appeal of the book. The spacing of the fonts and lines also makes each page pleasing to the eye. The lay-out of the book varies from page to page and that lack of a uniform presentation style adds up to the surprise element of the story. The texts do not appear intrusive. However, there are some pages where the texts are not placed in successive orders. This lack of order prompts a reader to ignore some texts so as to focus more on the highly important texts. A particular example is on page eight, where texts â€Å"The little car went slower†¦ and slower†¦ and slower† will probably be ignored as the more integral content (â€Å"The musicians played such a sweet tune†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) attracts the reader’s whole attention. (Cooper) Among the most notable characteristics of the book was the fact that the images and the texts were complementing with each other. Both were much needed for the presentation of the story and both of which enhanced the effect of one towards the full comprehension of the story. Another positive aspect of the book is the fact that the illustration were all very clear as to what message that they wanted to deliver – it even seems that the pictures/ graphics alone can tell the story without the texts. In general, this book gives young ones (twelve months to six years) a good reading experience as it combines reality with imagination by merging a typical night time scenario with a magical and dreamy presentation. It plays out a pre-existing experience into a dreamy adventure that is packed with much imagination left to be unveiled by the reader. It serves well as a nighttime book that’s meant to be read just before naptime – and its whole significantly proves that it is in line with that theme. â€Å"Jethro Byrd Fairy Child† by Bob Graham The book â€Å"Jethro Byrd fairy Child† explores an age-old theme – the need to enjoy the small wonders of life and keep oneself imaginative despite an adult’s tendency to formulate a very preoccupied life as he welcomes maturity. In the book, Annabelle spends most of her time trying to find fairies. Fortunately, she discovers that they are really true as she meets the fairy child by the name of Jethro Byrd in her own backyard. She also meets the rest of the Byrd family and invites them for tea. Unfortunately, her parents cannot see the fairies and Annabelle wonders what would happen if she would just go with the fairies and leave her family behind. Just like any good fairytale book that is jam-packed with lots of creative juices, this book is an appropriate medium for the story. A book that’s full of illustrations is probably the best way of delivering a story with a fairy plot like this. However, although the theme and the plot of the story are both cliches, the illustrations are not. The graphics and the artist’s style are very distinguishing as it almost focuses only on a single setting – a backyard in a suburban area. Although the whole story seems is full of magical elements, what’s good about the illustrations is that they tone down the imaginations. The graphic images do not offer the same magical bluff that most fairy stories deliver. Instead, they create a more casual and simple theme that allows the readers to dwell on a balanced storytelling style – one wherein both the texts and the images are telling the story. In addition to that, the quality of the washed-out illustrations was consistently appealing all throughout the book. The simple style works well with the theme which is also straightforward and easy to follow. As for the typography, the book also rated well. The typeface and size were fit for the reading requirements of young ones four to seven years old. Another good thing about the book is that there was no uniform style of placing the texts. The texts were placed on the top, bottom, left, or right side of the page, depending on the demands of the graphical elements for every page. Such made the layout more appealing. Moreover, since the texts were properly placed, they did not appear intrusive in each page despite the fact that they were a bit too many lines for every page. Instead, the texts took on a very integral role to fully comprehend the flow of the story. Unlike other books with illustrations however, this one would probably fail to tell the story based on the graphical elements alone. Fortunately, the need for texts was met fully in a creatively appealing manner. The illustrations and the texts were also very much in synch. The artist made use of recurring visual images – the fence and the backyard setting – to normalize the magical theme and keep the readers abreast with the values and the theme that the story wanted to portray and develop. To set the normal setting of the story, the illustrations on the covers and title page of the book were used as an introductory element showing a casual metropolitan/suburban scenario. Unlike other graphical books which appear as picture mosaics, this one is more organized and fit for a child. The book’s use of images is not merely for decorative purposes. Rather, the images harmonize one’s imagination and reality. It merges the idea of fairy existence to normal day-to-day experiences, therefore engaging more young readers. With these illustrations, young readers cannot help but think of their own backyard and their own probable adventures with the fairies that they might find. Overall, the visual experience that this book offers is simple but overwhelmingly clear and engaging. The story which revolved around a simple plot with a spice of magical elements requires just these plain illustrative elements. As the illustrations normalize Annabelle’s adventure, the book becomes more engaging and pleasing to read. The colors used and the water-color style of the graphics also gave the book a very heartwarming appeal. Conclusions The two books fit the criteria of the Kate Greenaway Medal on the following grounds: the artistic style portrayed in the books were unique and distinctive; the illustrations were in sync with texts; the illustrations were clear; the illustrations did not appear like picture upholsteries, rather, they increased one’s understanding of the story. In general, the visual experiences offered by the books were engaging, enhancing the book’s ability to attract and retain the young reader’s interest in literary works. WORKS CITED: Helen Cooper. â€Å"The Baby who wouldn’t Go to Bed. † Toronto, ON: Doubleday Canada, 1996. Bob Graham. â€Å"Jethro Byrd Fairy Child. † Cambridge, Mass. : Candlewick Press, 2005, c2002

There are multiple definitions for SIDS, otherwise known...

There are multiple definitions for SIDS, otherwise known as Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. According to the textbook Essentials of Human Diseases and Conditions by Margaret Frazier and Jeanette Drzymkowski, this disease is defined as â€Å"the sudden and unpredicted death of an infant under the age of one year†. Another source, the Ohio Department of Health describes it as â€Å"the sudden death of an infant less than one year of age, which remains unexplained after a thorough case investigation, including performance of a thorough autopsy, investigation of the death scene and a evaluation of the clinical history†. Although there are numerous explanations as to what this particular disease is, one thing remains a certain constant: the†¦show more content†¦However, multiple risk factors are thought to increase the risk of an infant dying from SIDS. The textbook Essentials of Human Diseases and Conditions describes many of these contributing elements, such as, â €Å"smoking and drug abuse during the pregnancy, poor prenatal care, exposure of the infant to secondhand smoke, prematurity, recent upper respiratory tract infection in the infant, sleeping in the prone position, and a sibling with apnea†. Others in the medical field believe that there are genetic anomalies that can create a disposition to SIDS in an infant. One such individual is Debra Wood, R.N at the NYU-Langone Medical Center. In her article on SIDS, she proposes multiple genomic irregularities that could play a part in the eventual diagnosis of this disorder: â€Å"abnormalities in a section of the brain that controls breathing during sleep and waking, abnormalities in the control of heart rhythm, changes in how serotonin (a neurotransmitter) functions in the brain, changes in some components of the immune system, inadequate arousal response to breathing obstruction or asphyxia—a lack of oxygen or excess carbon dioxide in the body caused by interruption of brea thing; may cause unconsciousness†. The Ohio Department of Health lists multiple maternal factors that are deemed important : placental abnormalities, low weight gain during pregnancy, anemia and a history of sexually transmitted disease (STD) or urinary tract infection (UTI). Environmental factors to be notedShow MoreRelatedProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pages Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center