From Source to Shore an Amazon Success Story Essay

From Source to Shore An Amazon Success Story By Ankit Shah Amazon is one of the first ventures that set out to tap the potential of web for retail business. It’s hard to believe that a business that started out of founder Jeff Bezos’ garage in 1994 has revenues of over $32 billion today. What is even harder to believe is that the company didn’t make any profit for first 5 years of its conception. Looking back, many leading business analysts see Amazon’s business plan as one of the soundest yet simple business plans, or virtuous cycle as it is more popularly known, of that era. Figure 1: Amazon’s Business Plan. A sharp customer focus was the key take away of the business plan. While the general market trend during the dot com boom was of aggressively fending off competition, Amazon remained faithful towards the simplest principle of the industry, â€Å"It’s a Customer’s Market†. Driven by his will to increase customer satisfaction, Bezos made hefty investments in research and technology which was also new to the market. Consistent upgrades to the web portal made it increasingly easy to use and opened up the market by introducing its customers to products that were not available at a regular retail store. Features like personal recommendations, search inside a book, wish lists were highly customer centric and quickly caught the attention of the e-shoppers. The high variety offered by Amazon enticed even more customers after the features like rating a product, reviews and discussions were added. Figure 2 shows the current customer satisfaction standing of Amazon and its competitors. Figure 2: American Customer Satisfaction Index (Internet Retailers). Feb 2011. Recognizing the importance of the long tail market has also played a part in Amazon’s increasing customer satisfaction scores. Being an online retailer, Amazon has the flexibility to offer obscure products to its customers. The ease of obtaining products and items, which are rarely available at regular stores, is a key USP of Amazon. It is also a major profit maker for Amazon. Figure 3: The Long Tail Phenomenon Consistent high scores on the customer satisfaction index and the sound business strategy reaped its first profit in 2001, by which time Amazon had become a household name. Customer satisfaction is identified as a leading contributor to a company’s profits by many leading industry experts. Figure 4: Contribution of various Business Performance Factors to Shareholder Value ‘Cost of attracting a new customer is almost 4 times the cost of retaining an old one’ is a statistic that is widely accepted in the industry. This translates to huge savings in Figure 5: Reason for customers to stop dealing with vendors operational costs as Amazon stands at over 81 million registered users today. As Amazon concentrated on building deeper customer relationships, it also came up with innovative ways to leverage these relationships to increase sales. Bill me later’ was introduced to increase the buying power of the existing customers. It allowed customers to buy a product instantly but be billed at a later date. Amazon Marketplace is a service that allows users to buy and sell used items. It is also a great example of how Amazon has leveraged its customer relationship to create new opportunities as the success of such a venture depends greatly on the customer relationships. The Brand Value of Amazon has also seen an upward movement similar to the customer satisfaction index. This has also helped Amazon attract more customers and increase its market presence. 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 36 Amazon 65 62 58 43 Brand Index Figure 6: Amazon’s Increasing Brand Value [5] The increasing brand value and the saturating market in United States have urged Amazon to spread into international markets. Amazon began its European expansion by acquiring Bookpages. co. uk in 1997. The international market growth of Amazon has been steadily increasing in the new markets and off late has come at power with the US market in terms of contribution to the revenue stream. Figure 7: International Sales vs US Sales The categorical waterfall approach to international expansion coupled with religious adherence to the customer centric business model is the major contributor to Amazon’s success in international markets. The international expansion time line below shows that Amazon favors American market to introduce its new product lines and features. Also, the American market still remains Amazon’s favorite in terms of wide product line. Figure 8: International Expansion Timeline for Amazon. Amazon is now moving towards establishing itself as a global leader in e-tailing. In keeping with its sound business model, Amazon is still focused towards innovating customer centric features and targeting customer satisfaction as a primary goal. With an increasing presence in international markets, Amazon also faces increasing competition from local e-tailers. Entering a market by acquiring an existing player is a strategy that has worked for Amazon. Country Acquired Year UK Bookpages. co. uk 1998 Germany Telebuch. e in 1998 China Joyo. com 2004 Figure 9: Amazon’s International Acquisitions.   Amazon also offers many country specific features and variations to its product line. This differentiation approach towards international markets plays a key role in building a market value and capturing market share. Country Canada Features †¢ Choice of language between French and English on the web portal. †¢ Canadian website Amazon. ca which is fully managed from the USA and on which Canadian customers can place their orders. To avoid expensive exporting from the USA, Amazon has entered partnerships with publishers and wholesalers from which customers are directly supplied. †¢ Offers a separate UK product selection. †¢ Provision to pay through postal orders. †¢ The German subsidiary is also responsible for serving the Austrian market. †¢ Provision to pay using cheques. †¢ Pays a small fine for ignoring the 5% limit for discount on books. †¢ Reduced its French staff and outsourced some of its administrative functions to the UK. †¢ Used the existing delivery system established by joyo. com instead of nation wide couriers.

Assessing Books in Line with the Greenaway Medal Criteria Essay

The Kate Greenaway Medal is one of the most prestigious awards given in the UK. It is awarded annually for distinguished illustration in children’s books. Awarded along with the Carnegie Award (given for distinguished writing in children’s books), the Greenaway Medal is given by the Chartered Institute of Librarians and Information Professionals (CILIP). For more than half a century now, the Greenaway Medal has been regarded as one of the most aspired recognitions by illustrators. Since it was first awarded in the year 1956, hundreds of prominent British book artists like Lauren Child, Anthony Browne, Shirley Hughes, and John Burningham have already received the award. The criteria Books which are nominated for CILIP’s Kate Greenaway medal must be of exceptional artistic quality. Focusing on the visual experience, the illustrated book must be stimulating and engaging. Although the graphic elements are prioritized, the texts must be properly coordinated with the images. Among the most important factors which must be assessed are the creative style, format, harmonization between illustration and text, and the visual experience. â€Å"The Baby Who Wouldn’t Go to Bed† by Helen Cooper The book tackles the story of a boy who simply refuses to go to sleep. When his mother calls for Bedtime, the boy drives away in his car and travel on to the night in search for a companion for his night quest. However, he constantly fails at his attempts to find the perfect comrade in the magical world full of characters from his toys. In the end, he realizes that nighttime is truly bedtime. He is then reunited with his mother, who like also cannot sleep as she was in search for him. To start with, the medium used for the book â€Å"The baby who wouldn’t go to bed† is quite suitable for its purpose. The visual images were not just appropriate – but rather very crucial to promote a general idea of the story. Although the concept presented in the book can also be delivered successfully through audio-visual mediums, the printed one is also equally fitting. Readers cannot help but notice that the visual images presented in the book follows the central theme that the story diverges on – a dreamy night. The images on the book well deliver the story from the sun setting to an overwhelming darkness all on its own as the readers go over the story page by page. As the story progresses, the shades and colors go darker and more looming with every page. Basically, the style of presentation of the texts and images vary. Some texts are matched with images much like groups of idea clumped together to present a segment of the story. In this style, the texts and images complement each other much like a painting with a written description. In other pages, the texts are separated from the visual images, thereby promoting the idea that the images only serve as a supplementary backdrop of the story. In some cases, the texts act as mere subtitles or captions for the graphics. Consistent throughout the whole book however is the dreamy style of illustration that is distinctively unique. Focusing on the typography, readers will find the book a pleasant read as its texts come in bold roman prints offered in the right sizes fit for kid’s reading. To a certain extent, the texts which are sparingly arranged in no more than five lines a paragraph heightens the reading appeal of the book. The spacing of the fonts and lines also makes each page pleasing to the eye. The lay-out of the book varies from page to page and that lack of a uniform presentation style adds up to the surprise element of the story. The texts do not appear intrusive. However, there are some pages where the texts are not placed in successive orders. This lack of order prompts a reader to ignore some texts so as to focus more on the highly important texts. A particular example is on page eight, where texts â€Å"The little car went slower†¦ and slower†¦ and slower† will probably be ignored as the more integral content (â€Å"The musicians played such a sweet tune†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) attracts the reader’s whole attention. (Cooper) Among the most notable characteristics of the book was the fact that the images and the texts were complementing with each other. Both were much needed for the presentation of the story and both of which enhanced the effect of one towards the full comprehension of the story. Another positive aspect of the book is the fact that the illustration were all very clear as to what message that they wanted to deliver – it even seems that the pictures/ graphics alone can tell the story without the texts. In general, this book gives young ones (twelve months to six years) a good reading experience as it combines reality with imagination by merging a typical night time scenario with a magical and dreamy presentation. It plays out a pre-existing experience into a dreamy adventure that is packed with much imagination left to be unveiled by the reader. It serves well as a nighttime book that’s meant to be read just before naptime – and its whole significantly proves that it is in line with that theme. â€Å"Jethro Byrd Fairy Child† by Bob Graham The book â€Å"Jethro Byrd fairy Child† explores an age-old theme – the need to enjoy the small wonders of life and keep oneself imaginative despite an adult’s tendency to formulate a very preoccupied life as he welcomes maturity. In the book, Annabelle spends most of her time trying to find fairies. Fortunately, she discovers that they are really true as she meets the fairy child by the name of Jethro Byrd in her own backyard. She also meets the rest of the Byrd family and invites them for tea. Unfortunately, her parents cannot see the fairies and Annabelle wonders what would happen if she would just go with the fairies and leave her family behind. Just like any good fairytale book that is jam-packed with lots of creative juices, this book is an appropriate medium for the story. A book that’s full of illustrations is probably the best way of delivering a story with a fairy plot like this. However, although the theme and the plot of the story are both cliches, the illustrations are not. The graphics and the artist’s style are very distinguishing as it almost focuses only on a single setting – a backyard in a suburban area. Although the whole story seems is full of magical elements, what’s good about the illustrations is that they tone down the imaginations. The graphic images do not offer the same magical bluff that most fairy stories deliver. Instead, they create a more casual and simple theme that allows the readers to dwell on a balanced storytelling style – one wherein both the texts and the images are telling the story. In addition to that, the quality of the washed-out illustrations was consistently appealing all throughout the book. The simple style works well with the theme which is also straightforward and easy to follow. As for the typography, the book also rated well. The typeface and size were fit for the reading requirements of young ones four to seven years old. Another good thing about the book is that there was no uniform style of placing the texts. The texts were placed on the top, bottom, left, or right side of the page, depending on the demands of the graphical elements for every page. Such made the layout more appealing. Moreover, since the texts were properly placed, they did not appear intrusive in each page despite the fact that they were a bit too many lines for every page. Instead, the texts took on a very integral role to fully comprehend the flow of the story. Unlike other books with illustrations however, this one would probably fail to tell the story based on the graphical elements alone. Fortunately, the need for texts was met fully in a creatively appealing manner. The illustrations and the texts were also very much in synch. The artist made use of recurring visual images – the fence and the backyard setting – to normalize the magical theme and keep the readers abreast with the values and the theme that the story wanted to portray and develop. To set the normal setting of the story, the illustrations on the covers and title page of the book were used as an introductory element showing a casual metropolitan/suburban scenario. Unlike other graphical books which appear as picture mosaics, this one is more organized and fit for a child. The book’s use of images is not merely for decorative purposes. Rather, the images harmonize one’s imagination and reality. It merges the idea of fairy existence to normal day-to-day experiences, therefore engaging more young readers. With these illustrations, young readers cannot help but think of their own backyard and their own probable adventures with the fairies that they might find. Overall, the visual experience that this book offers is simple but overwhelmingly clear and engaging. The story which revolved around a simple plot with a spice of magical elements requires just these plain illustrative elements. As the illustrations normalize Annabelle’s adventure, the book becomes more engaging and pleasing to read. The colors used and the water-color style of the graphics also gave the book a very heartwarming appeal. Conclusions The two books fit the criteria of the Kate Greenaway Medal on the following grounds: the artistic style portrayed in the books were unique and distinctive; the illustrations were in sync with texts; the illustrations were clear; the illustrations did not appear like picture upholsteries, rather, they increased one’s understanding of the story. In general, the visual experiences offered by the books were engaging, enhancing the book’s ability to attract and retain the young reader’s interest in literary works. WORKS CITED: Helen Cooper. â€Å"The Baby who wouldn’t Go to Bed. † Toronto, ON: Doubleday Canada, 1996. Bob Graham. â€Å"Jethro Byrd Fairy Child. † Cambridge, Mass. : Candlewick Press, 2005, c2002

There are multiple definitions for SIDS, otherwise known...

There are multiple definitions for SIDS, otherwise known as Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. According to the textbook Essentials of Human Diseases and Conditions by Margaret Frazier and Jeanette Drzymkowski, this disease is defined as â€Å"the sudden and unpredicted death of an infant under the age of one year†. Another source, the Ohio Department of Health describes it as â€Å"the sudden death of an infant less than one year of age, which remains unexplained after a thorough case investigation, including performance of a thorough autopsy, investigation of the death scene and a evaluation of the clinical history†. Although there are numerous explanations as to what this particular disease is, one thing remains a certain constant: the†¦show more content†¦However, multiple risk factors are thought to increase the risk of an infant dying from SIDS. The textbook Essentials of Human Diseases and Conditions describes many of these contributing elements, such as, â €Å"smoking and drug abuse during the pregnancy, poor prenatal care, exposure of the infant to secondhand smoke, prematurity, recent upper respiratory tract infection in the infant, sleeping in the prone position, and a sibling with apnea†. Others in the medical field believe that there are genetic anomalies that can create a disposition to SIDS in an infant. One such individual is Debra Wood, R.N at the NYU-Langone Medical Center. In her article on SIDS, she proposes multiple genomic irregularities that could play a part in the eventual diagnosis of this disorder: â€Å"abnormalities in a section of the brain that controls breathing during sleep and waking, abnormalities in the control of heart rhythm, changes in how serotonin (a neurotransmitter) functions in the brain, changes in some components of the immune system, inadequate arousal response to breathing obstruction or asphyxia—a lack of oxygen or excess carbon dioxide in the body caused by interruption of brea thing; may cause unconsciousness†. The Ohio Department of Health lists multiple maternal factors that are deemed important : placental abnormalities, low weight gain during pregnancy, anemia and a history of sexually transmitted disease (STD) or urinary tract infection (UTI). Environmental factors to be notedShow MoreRelatedProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pages Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center

Character Analysis Of The Glass Menagerie - 1463 Words

The playwright Tennessee Williams referred to his play, The Glass Menagerie as a â€Å"Memory Play.† The play is narrated in perspective of the character, Tom Wingfield, his memory of living in an apartment with his overbearing mother, Amanda, and his shy sister Laura. Tom is an aspiring poet who is forced to work in a shoe warehouse to support his sister Laura and his mother Amanda. His sister Laura is a shy girl with a limp as a result of pleurosis attack as a teenager, who needs to be constantly taken care of as her glass figurines. His mother Amanda is a single parent who is infatuated with her past and nags her children to meet her expectations of better life. The Glass Menagerie is a play about how living in the past and memories can†¦show more content†¦Why, sometimes there weren’t chairs enough to accommodate them all! We had to send the nigger over to bring on folding chairs from the parish house (Williams 770). However, Amanda is a mother after all, and wakes up time to time from her dreams and tries very hard to fight against the grim world. At times Amanda comes off as evil women nagging the life out of her children but, â€Å"there is a certain pathetic heroism in her efforts to provide for her children† (Da Ponte 815); as she withstands the humiliation of selling magazine subscriptions in order to enhance her children’s future: â€Å"Ida Scott? This is Amanda Wingfield! We missed you at the D.A.R. last Monday! [†¦] Well, I just happened to notice that your subscription to the Companion’s about to expire! [†¦] just when that wonderful new serial by Bessie Mae Hopper is getting off to such an exciting start. [†¦] What—Burning?—Oh, honey, don’t let them burn, go take a look in the oven and I’ll hold the wire! Heavens—I think she’s hung up! (Williams 775). Amanda with her colorful characteristics, she often d ramatizes her actions throughout the play to deliver her emotions. â€Å"Her first part is that of martyred mother. When she removes her hat and gloves, she does so with a theatrical gesture†Show MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis of The Glass Menagerie by Tenessee Williams1462 Words   |  6 PagesThe Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams had ordinary people in an ordinary life that closely resembled the influences of Williams’ personal life while having reoccurring themes and motifs throughout the story. The play has been done by many with some variations in the scripts and setting while still clinging to the basic ideas of the original play. Amanda Wingfield was a complex character that encompassed many facets of her personality. She longed to have the life she had as a girl and youngRead More Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie as a Tragedy Essay1498 Words   |  6 PagesTennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie as a Tragedy The Glass Menagerie has, of course, been labelled as many different types of play, for one, a tragedy. At first glance it is clear that audiences today may, indeed, class it as such. However, if, looking at the traditional definition of the classification tragedy, one can more easily assess whether or not the Glass Menagerie fits under this title. To do this I will be using the views of Aristotle, the Greek Read MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams Essay1211 Words   |  5 Pagesfigments of our own design? Regardless of reality’s genesis or authenticity it is indeed persistent and inescapable. In his play, The Glass Menagerie, Tennessee Williams explores this notion of reality as a painful encroachment that all humans counteract with concocted fantasies and a willingness to exist in an illusionary state. While all of William’s characters exist in their individual realms of illusion, one stands out as the most harmful and pitiful of all. Amanda, the literal mother of theRead MoreAn Analysis Of Laura In The Glass Menagerie1579 Words   |  7 PagesLonging for Impossible Freedom: An analysis of Laura in The Glass Menagerie The French actor and enthusiast, Vincent Cassel, pronounced â€Å"You can’t escape from what you are†. No matter how much a person dislikes who they are, they will never be able to escape their body and their mind. People can attempt to forget who they are and what their life is like, but in the end, they will always be stuck in their current situation. Similarly, Laura, in The Glass Menagerie, deals with her self consciousnessRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie And Winnie Holzman And Stephen Schwartz s Mega Musical Wicked1316 Words   |  6 Pagesto life a more flashy, commercialized interpretation of this tool, and played to the societal theme of entertainment, as seen in the increase of musical theater (Janaro). A true example of this stark contrast is Tennessee Williams’ tragedy The Glass Menagerie and Winnie Holzman and Stephen Schwartz’s mega-musical Wicked. Although from fundamentally different eras and using the employment of distinctive structures that correlate with the different branches of theater, at the core, these stories speakRead MoreFool For Love Essay1601 Words   |  7 Pages   Glass    Mengarie,   by   Tennessee   Williams’   will   be   used.   These   ideals   of   the   Ã¢â‚¬Å"American    Dream†,   prioritized   family,   and   psyche   that   have   been   formulated   through   Williams’    work,   hold   verisimilitude   to   the   way   individuals   have   navigated   and   continue   to    navigate   through   the   twentieth   and   twenty- ­Ã¢â‚¬ first   century.       Background          The   Glass   Menagerie   isRead MoreTennessee Williams: His Life in quot;Suddenly Last Summerquot; and quot;The Glass Menageriequot;2784 Words   |  12 PagesSuddenly Last Summer and The Glass Menagerie, we can find a great deal of autobiographical connections. The Glass Menagerie is particularly considered the authors most biographical work. It is described by the playwright as a memory play; indeed, it is a memory of the authors own youth, an expression of his own life and experiences. Similarly, Suddenly Last Summer includes many of Tennesse Williams real life details. First and foremost, this analysis is going to be focused on the familiesRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams1525 Words   |  6 PagesThe Glass Menagerie, a family drama play written by Tennessee Williams, and published in 1945 tells a story of the Wingfield family as they struggles with choosing between one’s own personal dreams and accepting the reality of the family’s situation. The Glass Menagerie stresses the subject of failed endeavors to escape reality and to occupy an elaborate unsustainable fantasy world. â€Å"A blown-up photograph of the father hangs on the wall of the living room, to the left of the archway. It is the faceRead MoreCritical Analysis Of The Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams1455 Words   |  6 Pagessubmissions for this assignment are posts in the assignment s discussion. Below are the discussion posts for Samantha Stepzinski, or you can view the full discussion. from Discussion #1 - The Glass Menagerie Sep 8, 2017 10:31pm Click to change profile picture for Samantha Stepzinski In The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams, the main topic of discussion is trying to find Laura a suitable gentleman caller that Amanda, her mother, would approve; however the overall theme is much deeper than thatRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams914 Words   |  4 PagesVarious psychological frameworks can be applied to analyze the problems of literary characters, as well as those of real people. One such framework is Buddhism with its analysis of suffering and its causes. Noted Buddhist teacher Thich Nhat Hanh states that Letting go gives us freedom, and freedom is the only condition for happiness. If, in our heart, we still cling to anything – anger, anxiety, or possessions – we cannot be free (78). More specifically, Nhat Hanh and many other Buddhists recommend

Mixed Agency An Ethical Dilemma - 1591 Words

Mixed Agency: An Ethical Dilemma Military mental health providers hold dual roles as clinicians and commissioned officers. While they are bound by the ethical code and professional guidelines of their profession, they are also held to the standard of Department of Defense (DoD) statutes and regulations. They are expected to provide competent clinical care but also enforce military boundaries and discipline (McCauley, Hacker Hughes, Liebling-Kalifani, 2008). Likewise, there may be duality in the provider’s obligation, both to the patient/service member and to their higher command. These conflicting relationships and obligations are referred to as mixed agency (Kennedy Johnson, 2009; Kennedy Moore, 2008). Ultimately, the provider’s responsibility to the unit’s mission may not always align with the best interests of the patient (McCauley et al., 2008). Ethical issues of mixed agency are often exacerbated by circumstances of serving in deployed settings, where the provider will often live and work in close contact with patients, further blurring the boundaries of the therapeutic relationship (McCauley et al., 2008). At smaller installations with limited resources, patients may even include the provider’s colleagues or supervisors (Dobmeyer, 2013; McCauley et al., 2008). Additionally, providers may be tasked with operational roles (Johnson Kennedy, 2010) or be expected to provide services for which they have little to no experience or training (Kennedy Johnson,Show MoreRelatedModern Law Enforcement Of The London Metropolitan Police District1231 Words   |  5 Pagescan be found in Skolnick’s case study of the San Francisco. In 1962 the San Francisco Police Department established a specialized unit based on the concept that â€Å"police would help to reduce crime by reducing despair--by acting as a social service a gency to ameliorate some of the difficulties encountered by minority group persons.† Community policing is the most widely used term for a loosely defined set of police philosophies, strategies, and tactics known either as problem-oriented policing, neighborhood-orientedRead MoreFinancing Of United States Health Care1127 Words   |  5 Pagesstructured in the future. In this essay we will be exploring how health care services can be financed and at what level: government, state, local or private, is there a way to deliver cost effective and accessible heath care, and consider the ethical dilemmas related to achieving quality, accessible, national health care. Establishing the difference between economics and finance of health care in the U.S. is paramount in this discussion. Economics is an amoral science based approach that suggestsRead MoreEssay on Dual Relationships Between Counselors and Clients1578 Words   |  7 Pagesrelationships between counselors and clients and the ethical implications of such relationships. In addition to presenting several examples of dual relationships, this paper will also explore how ethical decisions must be made to avoid potentially harmful or exploitive relationships in therapy as well understanding how different interactions between counselor and clients can be understood from an ethical standpoint, as well as how reviewing these ethical dilemmas may shape my future career as a counselor.Read MoreLiterature Review On Dual Relations838 Words   |  4 Pageswill examine the problems of dual relationships. The issues of dual relationships have gained a significant amount of attention. It is understood that dual relations are one of the most noted violations of the ethical principles of social workers (Halverson Brownlee, 2010, p. 249). Dilemma Definition In the field of social work, you will deal with clients ranging with various issues that you will be helping them with. When dealing with them it is very important to maintain a professional relationshipRead MoreChoicepoint: A Case of Privacy in the 21st Century Essay1723 Words   |  7 Pagesgathering and dissemination of data about its citizens? Are companies who engage in the gathering and dissemination of information acting within ethical bounds set by society regarding people’s personal privacy? Ethical Issues a.) Choicepoint’s Ethical Issues: As one of the three leaders in the information industry, Choicepoint faces many ethical issues. An important one is making sure they gather information in a legal way and do not violate privacy laws when gathering information, like theyRead MoreChoicepoint Case Analysys1748 Words   |  7 Pagesgathering and dissemination of data about its citizens? Are companies who engage in the gathering and dissemination of information acting within ethical bounds set by society regarding people’s personal privacy? Ethical Issues a.) Choicepoint’s Ethical Issues: As one of the three leaders in the information industry, Choicepoint faces many ethical issues. An important one is making sure they gather information in a legal way and do not violate privacy laws when gathering information, like theyRead MoreEthical Issues Of Offshore Drilling1008 Words   |  5 Pages Ethical Issues of Offshore Drilling As we know today, and have known for many years, BP is not just a local gas station that we go to sometimes to fill up our tanks. BP is a HUGE Multi-Billion dollar company! Many people believe they get there oil mostly from the mid-east but they’re also a company (or industry) that does offshore drilling for oil that is refined into a much more stable state that doesn’t blow up cars as soon as ignition occurs. Off shore drilling by definition on BP’s mainRead MoreThe News of the World Phone Hacking Scandal from Business Ethics and Csr Point of View3483 Words   |  14 PagesThe News of the World Phone Hacking Scandal from Business Ethics and CSR Point of View Date: 21 June 2012 Executive Summary The focus of the project you’re about to read is on the recently phone hacking scandal of famous UK News agency, - The News of The World. The report include a brief explanation of what has happened based on pre-selected online articles, analysis of the scandal from Business Ethics point of view by using various CSR theories discussed during the CSR course in period fourRead MoreEthical Decision Making For Professional Counselors1526 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract In the counseling profession, situations may be come about in the areas of ethical, professional, or legal concerns. New Counselors can become frustrated by the lack of dilemmas they can face in the field of mental health. Counselors must take into consideration the ethical, professional, and legal considerations they can or may encounter. Counselors use the ACA guide as rule book of professional standards of moral duty and obligation. The Ethics guide provides a frame work that centersRead MoreSex-Drive Reducing Medications of Sex Offenders1556 Words   |  7 Pagestechniques, thus not compromising their code of ethics. Psychologists also consult with interrogators on the application of polygraph tests and the analysis of the results. Although polygraph testing is used frequently in local and federal agencies, it is not supported by the scientific community as a majority of scientists believe that the tests are not â€Å"theoretically sound†, that they do not have a high validity and that the test could be beaten as a result. Again, this application does

Neural Correlates Mediating False Recollection †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Neural Correlates Mediating False Recollection. Answer: Introduction Memory is defined as the recollection of information. It is ascertained as implicit or explicit memory that was experienced in the recent or distant past. As age increases, the capacity to recall memories decreases. However, a child also generally has lesser memory to recall than that of an adult. The recollection capability of texts increases from childhood to adulthood and then starts decreasing in the course of aging towards older ages. Multiple studies have been conducted on the deficit in memory with respect to age on texts. According to some researches, memory decreases in older people as they utilise the non-optimal strategies relating to attentional allocation of linguistic processes less often then young. For example, older age readers are less likely to relate newly introduced concepts with concepts that are already known to them. Thus it results in fragmented, fragile and less distinctive mental representation of the texts (Fine, Shing Naveh-Benjamin, 2018). Remembering texts is cognated to attentional resources of conceptual processing. Multiple researches have concluded that there have been differences in recollecting and recognizing texts between the young and older people in case of explicit memory measures. On the other hand, recollecting and recognizing texts have not shown significant differences between the young and older people in case of implicit memory measures. Both the young and older people maintain equivalent efficiency in implicit tasks (Staresina et al., 2016). Thus, the researches tested for the differences between recollecting and recognizing texts between young and old people. Recollection mainly involves retrieving the information that is stored in the memory. The retrieval capacity decreases in people as they grow older. According to another study, it has been seen that the impairment of memory along with increase of age not only depends on the ability to retrieve, but also on the nature of the information that has to be retrieved. It is known that implicit memory measures are dependent on processing which is perceptual in nature and explicit memory measures is dependent on processing which is conceptual in nature (Dennis, Bowman Peterson, 2014). Studies show that as age increases, the conceptual processing of the memory grows weaker thus resulting in lesser recollection power (Koen Yonelinas, 2014). Another important result from another study observed that the recollection ability is lacking in infants. It is inconceivable for infants to recognize and recollect texts during their infancy stage. Thus, gradually with an increase in age and education, young children develops recollection power (Humphrey, 2017). After a particular age during adulthood, the recollection power starts to decrease again. And eventually as a person grows older, their ability to recall texts also similarily starts to decrease. As such, the recollection graph follows the shape of an inverted U (Leshikar, Dulas Duarte, 2015). The current research was conducted as an experimental study. The purpose to is to find out if the ability to recall is impressed upon age. To answer this research question, participants were selected to provide the statistics necessary for analyses. The results were then interpreted in the following sections. The main aim of this research is to evaluate whether there is any relationship between age and recollection capacity of a person. Appropriate hypothesis testing techniques have been applied to test the differences in the recollecting power of the participants in the two experimental groups. And to conduct the hypothesis test, the following null and alternate hypothesis have been constructed. The null hypothesis to ascertain the results is that there is no difference in the recollecting power between younger and older people. The alternate hypothesis is that there are significant differences in the recollecting power between younger and older people. The dataset that is used for this study have been modified from the original dataset used by Howell (2012) for his research. The data here is collected from a pre-recorded information. Thus, the study is based on secondary data. Selected participants were provided with a set of texts and were instructed to remember it. The participants were then tested on their ability recall the texts provided to them. The amount of text recalled by the participants were recorded as their recall ability and the results were applied in One-Way Between Groups ANOVA in this current research. In addition, a correlational analysis was also applied to test whether there is any relationship between age and recollection capability as it provides information on whether the two different variables are positively related or negatively related. To test the intensity of the correlation is to what extent, regression analysis was applied to provide information on whether recollection capability increases or decrea ses with the increase in age of the participants. This analysis was chosen as it tests the degree of change in the dependent variable with unit change in the independent variable. The research conducted had a sample of 100 participants. Among the 100 participants, 50 participants between the age of 18 to 30 years of age were placed in the Young Group and 50 participants between the age of 55 to 65 were placed in the Older Group. It was also noted that amongst the 100 participants, 56 of the participants were female and 44 of the participants were male. As such there are more female participants in this research than male participants. Though there is not a huge difference between the gender demographic of the participants, it is still possible that the sample collected may represent the population appropriately. Table 1: Frequency table indicating the Gender of the participants Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid female 56 56.0 56.0 56.0 male 44 44.0 44.0 100.0 Total 100 100.0 100.0 One of the variables that needs to be accounted for is the level of education of the participants. Table 2 shows the number of years of education received by the participants and from the analysis, 56 out of 100 participants have completed 13 years of education; 26 out of 100 participants have completed 15 years of education; and 18 out of 100 participants have completed up to 14 years of education. The information eliminates the confound of education being a variable that may have affected the reliability of the data collected since the participants were considerably educated thus are relatively competent to participate in this study Table 2: Frequency table indicating the Educational qualification of the participants Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 13.00 56 56.0 56.0 56.0 14.00 18 18.0 18.0 74.0 15.00 26 26.0 26.0 100.0 Total 100 100.0 100.0 Before proceeding with any further analysis, the tests of normality was applied on the data obtained from the participants of this research. The test was mainly conducted on the recollecting capability of the people. Thus, the test of normality has been applied on the recollection variable. To determine if normality assumptions have been met, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied as the sample size more than 50. The Shapiro-Wilk test is mainly applied for interpretation when sample size is smaller than 50. Referring to the table of results of the normality tests, it can be seen that the significance value is less than .05, 5% level of significance. Thus, the normality assumptions are violated for the recollection variable. This is further supported by the residual plot shown in Figure 3. The residuals should follow a linear trend is the does not violate the normality assumptions. In the current research, the residual plot does not follow the linear trend thus, the test of normality assumptions are violated by the recollection variable. Table 3: Tests of Normality Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig. Recall .137 100 .000 .942 100 .000 a. Lilliefors Significance Correction Normality assumption for the variable RecallNext, to test the relationship between the variables of age and recollection power of the participants, correlation and regression analysis have been applied. The results of the correlation analysis supports that the correlation coefficient has been obtained as -0.286. Thus, it can be said that age and recollecting power of the participants are negatively related. Although the corelation is weak, it does not underpin that with an increase in age the recalling power of the participants decreased. Table 4: Correlation between age and recall age Recall age Pearson Correlation 1 -.286** Sig. (2-tailed) .004 N 100 100 Recall Pearson Correlation -.286** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .004 N 100 100 **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). It can be observed from the regression analysis that the regression model of age and recollection power is significant. This is further supported by the observation that as age increases by one year, the recalling power of the participant decreases by 0.057 times. Thus it is likely that through the regression analysis, only 8.2 percent of the variability in the recalling power can be explained by age. Table 5: Model Summary for regression between Age and Recall Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .286a .082 .073 4.999 a. Predictors: (Constant), age Table 6: ANOVA for the variable recall with respect to age Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 218.587 1 218.587 8.746 .004b Residual 2449.203 98 24.992 Total 2667.790 99 a. Dependent Variable: Recall b. Predictors: (Constant), age Table 7: Regression Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 14.406 1.069 13.472 .000 age -.057 .019 -.286 -2.957 .004 a. Dependent Variable: Recall As it was observed that there is a weak relationship between age and recalling power, an Independent Sample t-test was applied to compare the recalling powers of Young Group (n = 50) and Older Group (n = 50). The t test was statistically significant (M = 3.10, SD = ____), t(98) = 3.11, p .05. Application of the G*power software also showed the Cohens d is d = 2.5 which is higher than 0.8. As such, it supports that the sample size selected is likely to be effective. The null hypothesis is rejected. Hence, there is significant difference between the recollecting power between Young Group and Older Group. From the results, it is likely that the regression analysis of the sample may support that recollecting power decreases with the increase in age. Table 8: Group Statistics AgeGroup N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Recall Young 50 13.16 5.787 .818 Older 50 10.06 4.007 .567 Table 9: Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means F Sig. t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Std. Error Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper Recall Equal variances assumed 16.132 .000 3.114 98 .002 3.100 .995 1.125 5.075 Equal variances not assumed 3.114 87.209 .002 3.100 .995 1.122 5.078 Discussion From the analysis mentioned under the results section, it can be observed that the results from the current study is in line with other similar researches. There is a significantly lower level of recollecting power in the Older Group than the Young Group and thee sample size applied in this current study was efficient for the purpose of this research. There variable of age was categorised into two levels young and older. The selected participants of the current study were suiting as the age of the participants appropriately represented the age groups targeted for this study. None of the participants selected were aged between 30 and 55 years and below 18 years in order to further augment the targeted age group for this study. The correlation obtained in the current research was determined that there is a negative relationship between age and recollecting power and that correlation between the 2 main variables were weak. According to other similar studies, it was found that the recollecting power with respect to age is U shaped. This finding was not obtained in the current study. It is likely that if more age groups were targeted in this study, the result may have reflected the same as the other similar studies. Also, it might have been more accurate to use the same participants at different age stages and conduct within group ANOV A to reduce any unaccountable confounds due to the participants selected in the study. There sample size considered for this study was appropriate and has shown effectiveness in representing the population. Conclusion Based on the results from the this study, it likely that there is significant differences in the recalling capability of texts between young and old people. The recalling power in the younger population is possibly better or higher than the older population. It was also observed from the correlation and the regression analysis that with the increase in age, there has been a significant decrease in the capacity to recall texts. However, due to the current research only focusing on two specific age groups, the study would have been more accurate if we considered a wider range of age group and considered doing a long term study based on the same group of participants throughout difference age stages. References Dennis, N. A., Bowman, C. R., Peterson, K. M. (2014). Age-related differences in the neural correlates mediating false recollection.Neurobiology of Aging,35(2), 395-407. Fine, H. C., Shing, Y. L., Naveh-Benjamin, M. (2018). Effects of changes in schematic support and of item repetition on age-related associative memory deficits: Theoretically-driven empirical attempts to reduce older adults high false alarm rate.Psychology and aging,33(1), 57. Howell, D. C. (2012).Statistical methods for psychology. Cengage Learning. Humphrey, A. (2017). The Cult of Krazy Kat: Memory and Recollection in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction.The Comics Grid: Journal of Comics Scholarship,7. Koen, J. D., Yonelinas, A. P. (2014). The effects of healthy aging, amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimers disease on recollection and familiarity: a meta-analytic review.Neuropsychology review,24(3), 332-354. Leshikar, E. D., Dulas, M. R., Duarte, A. (2015). Self-referencing enhances recollection in both young and older adults.Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition,22(4), 388-412. Staresina, B. P., Michelmann, S., Bonnefond, M., Jensen, O., Axmacher, N., Fell, J. (2016). Hippocampal pattern completion is linked to gamma power increases and alpha power decreases during recollection.Elife,5.

Principles of diversity equality Essay Example

Principles of diversity equality Essay Outcome 1: Understand the importance of diverseness. equality and inclusion. 1. 1 Define what is meant by: Diverseness: Is that right of each person to be different and to hold differences from others. Equality: the province of being equal. particularly in position. rights or chances. Inclusion: the action or province of including or being included within a group or construction. Discrimination: the unfair or damaging intervention of different classs of people. particularly on the evidences of race. age or sex. 1. 2 Describe how direct or indirect favoritism may happen in the work scene. Direct favoritism: Institutional/Company: different wage degrees offered for the same occupation. publicity offers to merely a choice group of employees ; occupation offers and preparation chances being offered to persons of a certain race or age ; strong-arming. excepting others. aggravations of co-workers or clients on the footing of their gender. age. spiritual beliefs. ethnicity. linguistic c ommunication. societal category. sexual orientation. Indirect favoritism: Inadequate installations put in topographic point for those with disablements. doing demands on work force which they deem as being disadvantageous to employees of a certain group ; utilizing excessively complex nomenclature when supplying information either members of staff or the clients 1. 3 Explain how patterns that support diverseness. equality and inclusion cut down the likeliness of favoritism. Blending groups of persons in state of affairss like ; developing Sessionss encourages coherence and fosters the chances for persons to work good with each other in partnership. Introducing installations that aid mobility as this encourages the engagement of persons who are less nomadic and makes them experience included as their demands are being taken into history. Puting in topographic point constabularies that empower employees and demo the individual’s value to the company such as ; employee of the month awards and fillips given for consistent good work. This will increase the employees’ assurance in transporting out their occupation and want to go on their employment contract with the company. We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of diversity equality specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of diversity equality specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of diversity equality specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Outcome 2: Know how to work in an inclusive manner. 2. 1 List cardinal statute laws and codifications of pattern associating to diverseness. equality. inclusion and favoritism in grownup societal attention scenes. Equalities Act ( 2001 ) . The Employment Act ( 2008 ) . Health and Social Care Act ( 2012 ) . Human Rights Act ( 1998 ) . Mental Capacity Act ( 2005 ) . Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act ( 2006 ) . 2. 2 Describe how to interact with persons in an inclusive manner. Being empathic towards the clients’ state of affairs and demoing a echt involvement in their concerns and demands. Allowing and promoting a bipartisan duologue to happen between the attention worker and the client utilizing techniques such as ; active hearing to help communicating. Respecting individual’s cultural and/or spiritual differences and working with them in a manner that doesn’t travel against their beliefs or ethical motives. 2. 3 Describe ways in which favoritism may be challenged in grownup societal attention scenes. Puting in topographic point a company policy of zero-tolerance sing favoritism. Informing all members of staff and clients about how and when to do ailments sing any issues of concern including favoritism. Promoting others to dispute favoritism. Keeping a record of prejudiced behavior and fall backing to disciplinary actions to cover with such behavior. Routinely updating policies and processs of administration in relation to favoritism. Using old prejudiced instances to help the uninterrupted professional development of the members of staff as they can move as an illustration of how they can react and manage similar state of affairss if and when they occur in their hereafter working life with the company. Outcome 3: Know how to entree information. advice and support about diverseness. equality. inclusion and favoritism. 3. 1 Identify beginnings of information. advice and support about diverseness. equality. inclusion and favoritism. Company attention worker enchiridion. Skills for attention web site. Heath A ; Social Care Information Centre web site. NHS web site. Healthcare Diversity Council web site. 3. 2 Describe how and when to entree information. advice and support about diverseness. equality. inclusion and favoritism. An person should entree information. advice and support about diverseness. equality. inclusion and favoritism in cases where they believe that either them or the client who they are helping being treated below the belt due to factors like an individual’s race or ethnicity ; holding entree to the relevant legislative regulations and ordinances such as ; the Equalities Act ( 2001 ) or The Employment Act ( 2008 ) and the company’s policies and processs sing diverseness. equality. inclusion and favoritism so that they know precisely what their employer is lawfully required to set into topographic point in order to further diverseness. equality. inclusion and prevent favoritism. This information particularly the company’s policies and processs will besides inform the attention worker of the proper process that needs to happen when the attention w orker experiences issues sing diverseness. equality. inclusion and favoritism.